GWD 18-9

maxin18

Q7 to Q10:

      The term “episodic memory” was

       introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

       considered a uniquely human capacity—

Line       the ability to recollect specific past events,

  (5)      to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic

 (10)      memory in animals.  According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together.  Clayton sought to

 (15)      examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

 (20)      scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

       jays to remember the type, location, and

       freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event.  Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another.  Jays

 (25)      prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

 (30)      information about the what, the where,

and the when.  Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

       reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Q9:

It can be inferred that the author of the passage and Clayton would both agree that

             

1. the food preferences of the scrub jays in Clayton’s experiment are difficult to explain
2. the presence of episodic memory cannot be inferred solely on the basis of observable behavior
3. Clayton’s experiment demonstrated that scrub jays do not reexperience the past but do exhibit episodic-like memory
4. Tulving substantially underestimated the ability of animals to bind different kinds of information
5. Clayton’s experiment had certain fundamental design flaws that make it difficult to draw any conclusions about scrub jay’s memories

我选C，答案是E。

问E选项，文中没有提及有fundamental design flows，而且定位到line 31-35行，文章明确给出了结论。认为C是文章line 31-35的改写。

请NN帮忙看下。

sen4sun

C并不能作为line 31-35的改写

文章中说到 Such experiments cannot,however, reveal whether the birds were reexperiencing the past when retrieving the information. 

这里ａｕｔｈｏｒ　用的是　ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒ　所以同样的并不能说 such experiments demonstrated that scrub jays do not reexperience the past

是不确定并不是否定. 之所以大家认为是　Ｅ　其实fundamental design flows是由difficult to draw any conclusions about scrub jay’s memories 反推出来的。加上这题是　ｉｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ。　而其他答案都错的情况下只好选Ｅ

Jolin_hz

为什么我的答案是Ｂ