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Mel: The official salary for judges has always been too low to attract the best Candidates 法官的薪水太低,无法吸引优秀人才. to the job. The legislature’s move to raise the salary has done nothing to improve the 立法机构提高薪水的做法没能改变现况. situation, because it was coupled with a ban on receiving money for lectures and teaching 因为立法机构在提高薪水的同时,禁止(法官)从演讲和教学课程中收取报酬. engagements. Pat: No, the raise in salary really does improve the situation. Since very few judges teach 不对,提高薪水的做法确实吸引了人才. 因为很少法官会去教学或发表演讲, or give lectures, the ban will have little or no negative effect. 所以禁止收取报酬不会带来负面影响.
Pat’s response to Mel is inadequate in that it A. attempts to assess how a certain change will affect potential members of a group by 按照某一变化对已知人群(现任的法官)的影响,来推测该变化对潜在人群(欲吸引的人才)的影响. providing evidence about its effect on the current members. P和M两个人争论的是已经采取的策略是否有效果,P是想说"提高薪水的做法已经有成效",这与潜在人群无关.如果P是想说"提高薪水的做法将来会有成效",那么才与潜在人群有关,此时才可认为A正确. B. mistakenly takes the cause of a certain change to be an effect of that change 把导致某一变化的原因,当作是该变化所产生的效果. 按照M所说,可能存在这样的关系: 禁止收取报酬 => 法官们不愿意教学或发表演讲, 而P认为: 法官们不教学或发表演讲 => 禁止收取报酬 没负面影响. P犯的错误是"用结果否定了原因", 而不是"因果倒置",所以B也不对. C. attempts to argue that a certain change will have a positive effect merely by pointing to the absence of negative effects 认为某一变化有正面影响,其原因是该变化没有负面影响. 正确,P实际做了两步推论: 法官们不教学或发表演讲 => 禁止收取报酬 没负面影响 => 提高薪水的做法已经吸引了人才. C的内容完全符合第二步推论的逻辑,所以C正确. D. simply denies Mel’s claim without putting forward any evidence in support of that denial 反驳Mel的观点,但没给论据 明显给了论据,只不过该论据没说服力. E. assumes that changes that benefit the most able members of a group necessarily benefit all members of that group. 认为对大部分人有利的变化,会对所有人有利 不沾边,错.
貌似终于想明白了,如有不对请拍砖!
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