[求助]GWD-17-11

ashleyu

以下是引用julianfl在2007-4-12 0:30:00的发言：

支持B：）

感觉这道题目的关键是对B中since的理解。

It has been many years since the restriction led to the hunting season for snow geese being closed earlier than the scheduled date.

我比较同意15楼mbz的理解：It means that for the last many years, people did not hunt enough to meet the minimum requirement to shut down the area before deadline.

以及27楼lucyzl517的理解：由于此规定而导致打猎季节提前结束的情况已经好多年未出现了。

如果这么理解就不难看出B是在削弱。

但是如果理解成：由于此规定而导致打猎季节提前结束的情况已经有好多年了。那么B就成为了一个support。

究竟B中的since应该怎么理解呢，我搜索了一下，以下引自百度知道，B中的since，应该属于第二种用法：

since的用法主要有两点：一是表示“自从……以来”，二是表示“既然”之意。但如果只了解词的含义，而不了解其用法，在使用时就会造成错误。例如：I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai. 不少人会望文生义，将该句译为：“自从我住在上海以来，就再也没有收到他的信了。”而实际上这个句子的译文并非如此，那么正确的含义是什么呢？

下面谈谈since作连词引导时间状语从句的用法。
一、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。如：
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
We have been missing them since they left here自从他们离开这里，我们就一直很想念他们。
这是最常见的一种用法，此处不再多述。

二、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时，则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。如：
I haven’t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 为持续性动词，sleep的动作结束时，即“醒来”时，这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。
John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约，他不当教师已经三年了。
本文开始出现的那个句子就可以译为“自从我离开上海，就再也没有收到他的信。”这种译法常被人们误用，我们不妨再多举几个例子看看：
How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你离开（没住在）上海多久了？
It is half a month since he was a League member.他退团（不当团员）半个月了。
It’s been quite some time since I was last in London我离开伦敦已很长时间了。
比较：He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为状态动词）
He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自从我生病以来，他就屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为终止性动词）

三、若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。如：
I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there。
这里has lived表示动作的持续性，时间的起点应从：“开始居住”时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他（开始）住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信”。
Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自从我们自己有了汽车，我们每年都去野营。
试比较：

1. Since I’ve been at this school, we have had three headmasters.自从我到这所学校，我们已换了三个校长了。
Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.自从我离开这所学校，他们已换了三个校长了。
2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 自从我生病以来，他从未来看过我。
He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自从我病愈以来，他从未来看过我。
由此可见，since引导的从句持续动词的一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的意思恰好相反。换言之，前者以肯定的语法形式反映着否定的逻辑内容，而后者的形式与内容是一致的。
至于It is +一段时间+since…的句型与It has been +一段时间+since…意思相同。前者是规范说法，后者是口语说法。
应注意的是，在这种结构中，since引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义，下面两句都错了：
It is a long time since he didn’t study English.
It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.
正确的说法为：
It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久没学英语了。
You haven’t come to see me for two months. 你有两个月没来看我了

since的用法主要有两点：一是表示“自从……以来”，二是表示“既然”之意。但如果只了解词的含义，而不了解其用法，在使用时就会造成错误。例如：I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai. 不少人会望文生义，将该句译为：“自从我住在上海以来，就再也没有收到他的信了。”而实际上这个句子的译文并非如此，那么正确的含义是什么呢？

下面谈谈since作连词引导时间状语从句的用法。
一、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是终止性的过去时，则从句表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。如：
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
We have been missing them since they left here自从他们离开这里，我们就一直很想念他们。
这是最常见的一种用法，此处不再多述。

二、若since引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去时时，则从句表示的时间是“从那持续动作或状态结束时算起”。如：
I haven’t heard any noise since I slept. Sleep 为持续性动词，sleep的动作结束时，即“醒来”时，这句应译为“我醒后还未听到任何声音”。
John is now with his parents in New York, it is already three years since he was a teacher约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约，他不当教师已经三年了。
本文开始出现的那个句子就可以译为“自从我离开上海，就再也没有收到他的信。”这种译法常被人们误用，我们不妨再多举几个例子看看：
How long is it since you lived in Shanghai?你离开（没住在）上海多久了？
It is half a month since he was a League member.他退团（不当团员）半个月了。
It’s been quite some time since I was last in London我离开伦敦已很长时间了。
比较：He has written to me frequently since I was ill.自从我病愈以来，他屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为状态动词）
He has written to me frequently since I fell ill.自从我生病以来，他就屡次给我写信。（从句谓语为终止性动词）

三、若since引导的状语从句的谓语为持续性动词的现在完成时，则表示动作和状态延续到现在（说话时刻），其表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。如：
I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there。
这里has lived表示动作的持续性，时间的起点应从：“开始居住”时算起。因此此句可理解为“自从他（开始）住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信”。
Since we have owned a car, we have gone camping every year。自从我们自己有了汽车，我们每年都去野营。
试比较：

1. Since I’ve been at this school, we have had three headmasters.自从我到这所学校，我们已换了三个校长了。
Since I was at this school, they have had three headmasters.自从我离开这所学校，他们已换了三个校长了。
2.He has never been to see me since I have been ill. 自从我生病以来，他从未来看过我。
He has never been to see me since I was ill. 自从我病愈以来，他从未来看过我。
由此可见，since引导的从句持续动词的一般过去时和现在完成时所表示的意思恰好相反。换言之，前者以肯定的语法形式反映着否定的逻辑内容，而后者的形式与内容是一致的。
至于It is +一段时间+since…的句型与It has been +一段时间+since…意思相同。前者是规范说法，后者是口语说法。
应注意的是，在这种结构中，since引导的从句绝对不能用否定式的谓语动词来表示否定意义，下面两句都错了：
It is a long time since he didn’t study English.
It’s two months since you didn’t come to see me.
正确的说法为：
It’s a long time since he studied English 他好久没学英语了。
You haven’t come to see me for two months. 你有两个月没来看我了

 

终于明白了,看来还是对since这个词意思理解的偏差问题

kevintown

强！排除法选B还是比较快的

用排除法能选出B

1. Hunting limits for snow geese were imposed many years ago in response to a sharp decline in the population of snow geese. 当年是因为数量太少才搞得措施，无关，七宗罪的“跨时间对比”

2. It has been many years since the restriction led to the hunting season for snow geese being closed earlier than the scheduled date.
                   已经很多年没有提前关闭了，说明规定无效，取消限制也达不到5%

3. The number of snow geese taken by hunters each year has grown every year for several years. 说明数量在增多，增强了题目第一句话

4. As their population has increased, snow geese have recolonized wintering grounds that they had not used for several seasons. 说明数量在增多，增强了题目第一句话

5. In the snow goose’s winter habitats, the goose faces no significant natural predation. 说明人类不狩猎的话它们就没有天敌也更容易增长，还是说数量很容易增多，增强了题目第一句话

夜凉如水

楼上的分析了真好，谢谢。解惑了

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-8-4 21:39:06编辑过]

tczheng2

B的意思是,上次提早关闭hunting season, 已经是许多年前的事情了.

换句话说,the restriction seldom led to the hunting season for snow geese being closed earlier than the scheduled date.说明restriction其实是无效

的.在restriction无效的情况下snow geese的数量依然增长,那么取消retriction也没有用.所以B是对的.

newjoshkao

Some species of Arctic birds are threatened by recent sharp increases in the population of snow geese(雪鹅) , which breed in the Arctic and are displacing (取代) birds of less vigorous(精力充沛的) species.  Although snow geese are a popular quarry(猎物) for hunters in the southern regions where they winter(过冬), the hunting season ends if and when hunting has reduced the population by five percent, according to official estimates.  Clearly, dropping this restriction would allow the other species to recover.

 

 

前提：雪鹅数量↑à
  威胁其它种类的北极鸟

结论：Hunting restriction↓à雪鹅数量↓à其它北极鸟↑

使前提不成立(雪鹅数量并未增加，因此也没所谓威胁到其它北极鸟)，则结论亦不成立(就没有dropping the restriction以使其它北极鸟数量恢复的必要)

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?

1. Hunting limits for snow geese were imposed many years ago in response to a sharp decline in the population of snow geese.  (讲过去限制设立的理由，跟现在透过restriction↓来影响雪鹅数量，进而影响其它北极鸟的数量的论述无关)。

2. It has been many years since the restriction led to the hunting season for snow geese being closed earlier than the scheduled date. (正确选项，因为hunting season提早结束是因为打到的猎物数量，已达到总数量的5%，而过去这么多年来打猎季都提早结束，代表着提早达到5%的量，也代表雪鹅的总数量愈来愈少。否定了雪鹅数量增加的前提，使得结论亦不成立。)

3. The number of snow geese taken by hunters each year has grown every year for several years. (雪鹅数量正逐年增加，支持前提，因此也支持结论的论述)

4. As their population has increased, snow geese have recolonized wintering grounds that they had not used for several seasons.
      (雪鹅数量的增加，支持前提，因此也支持结论的论述)

5. In the snow goose’s winter habitats, the goose faces no significant natural predation.
      (没有天敌意味着雪鹅数量的增加，支持前提，因此也支持结论的论述)

 

 

[此贴子已经被作者于2008-10-16 20:52:53编辑过]

kikine

lawyer在哪里呀，lawyer在哪里。。。

yeehang

原来这道题在考“since”，难怪找不出正确答案呢。 知道since的用法之后，这题铁定选B了。

sumerlaw

到底是什么呢？

kongkong57

thanks

xinling917

忽然理解了！谢谢那个大牛队since的解答！！！

5%是一个限制，狩猎时间是一个限制。B是很多年没有提前关闭了（注意对since的理解！），而只有5%达到时才会提前关闭，说明猎人们在狩猎时间内事打不够猎物的！所以取消5%的限制没有用，因为狩猎时间特定，达不到5%。