紫书阅读第十篇很多问题盼解答

清清小蚂蚁

第十篇
                

Neotropical coastal mangrove forests are usually＂zonal,＂with certain mangrove species found predominantly in the seaward portion of the habitat and other mangrove species on the more landward portions of the coast．The earliest research on mangrove forests produced descriptions of species distribution from shore to land，without exploring the causes of the distributions．

 The idea that zonation is ca used by plant succession. was first expressed by J．H．Davis in a study of Florida mangrove forests．According to Davis’ scheme，the shoreline is being extended in a seaward direction because of the＂land-building＂role of mangroves t which l by trapping sediments over time，extend the shore．As a habitat gradually becomes more in land as the shore extends，the＂land-building＂species are replaced．This continuous process of accretion and succession would be interrupted only by hurricanes or storm flushings．

 Recently the universal application of Davis’　succession paradigm has been challenged．It appears that in areas where weak currents and weak tidal energies allow the accumulation of sediments，mangroves will follow land formation and accelerate the rate of soil accretion；succession will proceed according to Davis’ scheme．But on stable coastlines，the distribution of mangrove species results in other patterns of zonation；＂land building＂does not occur．

 To find a principle that explains the various distribution patterns，several researchers have looked to salinity and its effects on mangroves．While mangroves can develop in fresh water,they can also thrive in salinities as high as 2．5 times that of seawater．However, those mangrove species found in freshwater habitats do well only in the absence of competition，thus suggesting that salinity tolerance is a critical factor in competitive success among mangrove species．Research suggests that mangroves will normally dominate highly saline regions，although not because they require salt．Rather, they are metabolically efficient(and hence grow well)in portions of an environment whose high salinity excludes plants adapted to lower salinities．Tides create different degrees of salinity along a coastline．The characteristic mangrove species of each zone should exhibit a higher metabolic efficiency at that salinity than will any potential invader, including other species of mangrove．

Questions 52-55 refer to the passage above．
                        

52．The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A)refute the idea that the zonation exhibited in  mangrove forests is caused by adaptation to salinity

(B)describe the pattern of zonation typically found in Florida mangrove forests

(C)argue that Davis’ succession paradigm cannot be successfully applied to Florida mangrove forests

(D)discuss hypotheses that attempt to explain the zonation of coastal mangrove forests (E)establish that plants that do well in saline forest environments require salt to achieve

maximum metabolic efficiency

53．  According to the passage，the earliest research on mangrove forests produced which of the following?

(A)  Data that implied random patterns of mangrove species distribution

(B)  Descriptions of species distributions suggesting zonation

(C)  Descriptions of the development of mangrove forests over time

(D)  Reclassification of species formerly thought to be identical

(E)  Data that confirmed the＂land-building＂role of mangroves

54．  It can be inferred from the passage that Davis’ paradigm does NOT apply to which of the following?

(A)  The shoreline of Florida mangrove forests first studied by Davis

(B)  A shoreline in an area with weak currents

(C)  A shoreline in an area with weak tidal energy

(D)  A shoreline extended by＂land—building" species of mangroves

(E)  A shoreline in which few sediments can accumulate

55．  Information in the passage indicates that the author would most probably regard which of the following statements as INCORRECT?

(A)  Coastal mangrove forests are usually zonal．

(B)  Hurricanes interrupt the process of accretion and succession that extends existing shorelines．

(C)  Species of plants that thrive in a saline habitat require salt to flourish．

(D)  Plants with the highest metabolic efficiency in a given habitat tend to exclude other plants from that habitat．

(E)  Shorelines in areas with weak currents and tides are more likely to be extended through the process of accumulation of sediment than are shorelines with strong currents and tides。

Neotropical coastal mangrove forests are usually＂zonal,＂with certain mangrove species found predominantly in the seaward portion of the habitat and other mangrove species on the more landward portions of the coast．The earliest research on mangrove forests produced descriptions of species distribution from shore to land，without exploring the causes of the distributions．

 The idea that zonation is ca used by plant succession. was first expressed by J．H．Davis in a study of Florida mangrove forests．According to Davis’ scheme，the shoreline is being extended in a seaward direction because of the＂land-building＂role of mangroves t which l by trapping sediments over time，extend the shore．As a habitat gradually becomes more in land as the shore extends，the＂land-building＂species are replaced．This continuous process of accretion and succession would be interrupted only by hurricanes or storm flushings．

 Recently the universal application of Davis’　succession paradigm has been challenged．It appears that in areas where weak currents and weak tidal energies allow the accumulation of sediments，mangroves will follow land formation and accelerate the rate of soil accretion；succession will proceed according to Davis’ scheme．But on stable coastlines，the distribution of mangrove species results in other patterns of zonation；＂land building＂does not occur．

 To find a principle that explains the various distribution patterns，several researchers have looked to salinity and its effects on mangroves．While mangroves can develop in fresh water,they can also thrive in salinities as high as 2．5 times that of seawater．However, those mangrove species found in freshwater habitats do well only in the absence of competition，thus suggesting that salinity tolerance is a critical factor in competitive success among mangrove species．Research suggests that mangroves will normally dominate highly saline regions，although not because they require salt．Rather, they are metabolically efficient(and hence grow well)in portions of an environment whose high salinity excludes plants adapted to lower salinities．Tides create different degrees of salinity along a coastline．The characteristic mangrove species of each zone should exhibit a higher metabolic efficiency at that salinity than will any potential invader, including other species of mangrove．

Questions 52-55 refer to the passage above．
                

52．The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A)refute the idea that the zonation exhibited in  mangrove forests is caused by adaptation to salinity

(B)describe the pattern of zonation typically found in Florida mangrove forests

(C)argue that Davis’ succession paradigm cannot be successfully applied to Florida mangrove forests

(D)discuss hypotheses that attempt to explain the zonation of coastal mangrove forests (E)establish that plants that do well in saline forest environments require salt to achieve

maximum metabolic efficiency

53．  According to the passage，the earliest research on mangrove forests produced which of the following?

(A)  Data that implied random patterns of mangrove species distribution

(B)  Descriptions of species distributions suggesting zonation

(C)  Descriptions of the development of mangrove forests over time

(D)  Reclassification of species formerly thought to be identical

(E)  Data that confirmed the＂land-building＂role of mangroves

54．  It can be inferred from the passage that Davis’ paradigm does NOT apply to which of the following?

(A)  The shoreline of Florida mangrove forests first studied by Davis

(B)  A shoreline in an area with weak currents

(C)  A shoreline in an area with weak tidal energy

(D)  A shoreline extended by＂land—building" species of mangroves

(E)  A shoreline in which few sediments can accumulate

55．  Information in the passage indicates that the author would most probably regard which of the following statements as INCORRECT?

(A)  Coastal mangrove forests are usually zonal．

(B)  Hurricanes interrupt the process of accretion and succession that extends existing shorelines．

(C)  Species of plants that thrive in a saline habitat require salt to flourish．

(D)  Plants with the highest metabolic efficiency in a given habitat tend to exclude other plants from that habitat．

(E)  Shorelines in areas with weak currents and tides are more likely to be extended through the process of accumulation of sediment than are shorelines with strong currents and tides。

第十篇的问题共10个问题，
            

这篇多的我都有点不好意思，这一篇做的头大的不得了，做的时候就不太明白这篇文章，请牛牛们多多帮忙了。很是感谢。
            

1）10行succession是什么意思，是交替的意思吗

2）14-15行trapping sediment over time是什么意思呢？

3）20行flushing 不明白

4）25行mangroves will follow land formation是说mangroves 随着land formation的形成会从地里面长出来吗？land formation是什么意思？
            

5）16行这句话的意思不太明白
            

As a habitat gradually becomes more in land as the shore extends，the＂land-building＂species are replaced．

我觉得这句话是说随着一个居住环境逐渐变成内陆，当海岸扩大的时候，＂land-building＂被替换了，那么换成什么了呢，这句话的意思不太明白

6）28行-30行这句话不明白什么意思
            

But on stable coastlines，the distribution of mangrove species results in other patterns of zonation；＂land building＂does not occur．

7）38行这句话不明白什么意思
            

thus suggesting that salinity tolerance is a critical factor in competitive success among mangrove species．

8）52题的E选项
            

(E)  establish that plants that do well in saline forest environments require salt to achieve maximum metabolic efficiency

E 选项OG解释：
            Salinity is discussed in the final paragraph but the passage states that salt is not required．The brief discussion of this point shows that it is not the primary concern of the passage．

我的问题：此题E选项OG解释说盐不是必要的，可是在文中说盐能排除低盐的植物，见文中43-46行（Rather, they are metabolically efficient(and hence grow well)in portions of an environment whose high salinity excludes plants adapted to lower salinities．）由此可见盐度高会使mangrove长的更好啊，因为把那些适应低盐的都排除了啊，为什么E选项的OG解释说是不必要的呢？
            

9）54题D选项和OG解释不太明白
            

(D)选项：  A shoreline extended by＂land—building" species of mangroves

D的OG解释：  If land building has occurred，then the paradigm describing that land building applies．

10）55题对于C为什么对和D 为什么错不明白，对OG给出的解释也很糊涂
            

(C)  Species of plants that thrive in a saline habitat require salt to flourish．

(D)  Plants with the highest metabolic efficiency in a given habitat tend to exclude other plants from that habitat．

OG给出的解释C   Correct．This statement contradicts the statement in line 39 about mangroves not requiring salt．

OG给出的解释D   This general statement agrees with the more specific reference in fines 45；-46 to the metabolic efficiency of mangroves in areas with high salinity；there is no reason to think the author would find it incorrect．

 

 

顾风

1）是交替，替换的意思

3)flush冲刷，奔流

4)会随着陆地的形成出现

5)6)应该不是楼主理解的意思，是说着 seaward种类在陆地的部分越来越多，那些陆生种类就被替换了，但在稳定的海岸线，不会有这样的情况

清清小蚂蚁

顾风你的心情好点了吗？祝你开心，

谢谢你的解答，我再想想你说的，再去看看文章，

还有，小小声的抱怨一下下，没有解答完呢，嘻嘻。

allen0018

zonal  现象是“一半在海洋一半在陆地”  并且，SEAWARD 我的理解是  超海洋进军  LANDWARD ---超陆地进军

（5）mangrove  是通过前赴后继的方式朝海洋扩散的，所以COAST EXTENDED    海岸扩大后，陆地部分就没有意义了，新的mangrove 就踩在巨人的肩膀上继续前进

（6 ） 哪里有28行啊？？？总共才13行：）

  意思是说，在水环境比较稳定的地方，并没有出现zonal现象，“一半在海洋一半在陆地”  并且，SEAWARD 我的理解是  超海洋进军  LANDWARD ---超陆地进军  

（7） an environment whose high salinity excludes plants adapted to lower salinities    看看这话就明白了，所谓的竞争，就是把那些adapted to lower salinities     PLANTS 赶走

（8 ） 题你犯了2个错误，1，文章思想领会偏了。2 ， MAXIAM 上当了

（9）  OG 的意思是这样，文章你读几遍之后就能发现，其实老头的思想是：他看见了，然后他提出假设的观点。他的观点是完全符合现象的。新观点基于这样的一个事实：在平静的海滩上为什么没有LAND ~~~ 啊？ 这和老头说的“This continuous process of accretion and succession would be interrupted only by hurricanes or storm flushings．”  完全矛盾---〉老头的观点是必要条件，不是充分条件

（10 ） (D)  Plants with the highest metabolic efficiency in a given habitat tend to exclude other plants from that habitat．  你这么理解吧，最高级的情况作者没说。所以严格意义上说是推不出INCORRECT的，也推不出CORRECT 的。基本等于不知道对错。

(C)  Species of plants that thrive in a saline habitat require salt to flourish．  C 直接和文章的相反，必错。

我觉得你文章没理解好，我简单说说我个人的观点啊，各人的。

although not because they require salt． Rather, they are metabolically efficient(and hence grow well)in portions of an environment whose high salinity excludes plants adapted to lower salinities．  这话的关键意思是这样  mangrove  生存不需要盐，但是有盐更好，为什么好呢？因为和它竞争的植物受不了盐，mangrove grow well  不是GROW BETTER，我的意思是说它不是生理上因为盐有提高 ，

The characteristic mangrove species of each zone should exhibit a higher metabolic efficiency at that salinity than will any potential invader, including other species of mangrove．  注意到INVADER，作者所的很明白了，把受不了盐的赶走，就长得“相对”更好。

打个比方，我是北方人，南方人到我们这来不行啊，不能吃盐，我们一起吃饭 他们都受不了，就我能受得了盐，所以我就吃的多，但这不是因为  盐对我消化系统有帮助的关系，没有正比关系。太多的盐（MAXIAM） 什么状况我也不知道，很可能高血压心脏病。

 

~~

提个建议，你用的是11TH 吧？我是10 TH，所以找不到对应文章。 下次把文章发上来的时候， 更改下字体。另外，行数都不准，所以句子没理解好的用  颜色标出来，单词也是这样。这样比较人性话，否则眼睛受不了啊~~~

清清小蚂蚁

先谢谢，再看

提个建议，你用的是11TH 吧？我是10 TH，所以找不到对应文章。 下次把文章发上来的时候， 更改下字体。另外，行数都不准，所以句子没理解好的用  颜色标出来，单词也是这样。这样比较人性话，否则眼睛受不了啊~~~

接受建议

1，注明11版10版各自题号

2。问题用颜色标出来

3。把字变大，本来觉得大字的话大占屏幕了，呵呵，愚蠢的想法，以后换大字。

清清小蚂蚁

原来allen0018是北方人啊，我看得有点糊涂，我再好好想想，想不出来了再问你吧。

顾风

是啊是啊，文章字大一些吧，后来解释不下去的重要原因是眼睛又绿了：）

清清小蚂蚁

原来顾风是属狼的啊，眼里都是绿绿的光啊，