GWD-18-8

水色

Q7 to Q10:

      The term “episodic memory” was

       introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

       considered a uniquely human capacity—

Line       the ability to recollect specific past events,

  (5)      to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic

 (10)      memory in animals.  According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together.  Clayton sought to

 (15)      examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

 (20)      scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

       jays to remember the type, location, and

       freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event.  Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another.  Jays

 (25)      prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

 (30)      information about the what, the where,

and the when.  Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

       reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory.

Q8:

According to the passage, part of the evidence that scrub jays can bind information is that they

             

1. showed by their behavior that they were reexperiencing the past
2. used information acquired through past experiences
3. assessed the freshness of food that had been stored by other jays
4. remembered what kind of food was stored in a particular location
5. recollected single bits of information about sources of food

答案是D，偶选了E。觉得D有道理，但不是很理解为什麽E不对。能麻烦NN解释一下吗？（该篇与GWD12里的阅读一样，但除了主题题，其它三道题不一样）

 

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-5-18 1:34:51编辑过]

wycg

我同意你选的E.

因为题问的是"scrub jays能够bind information的evidence". D只是说它能记住food的location, 这应该只是

属于single bits of information,不是bind information.而E说它能collect single bits of informtion, 这就是对应文中的

"Clayton’s experiment required jays to remember the type, location, and freshness of stored food based on a unique learning event."那句话.

我倾向于选E.

水色

多谢噢，经你这么一说，偶也更觉得E对了

cournot

我也是选E,recollected single bits of information about sources of food

答案是D,remembered what kind of food was stored in a particular location,

不过D也bind了不同信息，即食物种类和地点-what&where.

mymengming

是B,D不对

The term “episodic memory” was
            

       introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

       considered a uniquely human capacity—

Line       the ability to recollect specific past events,

  (5)      to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic

 (10)      memory in animals.  According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together.  Clayton sought to

 (15)      examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

 (20)      scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

       jays to remember the type, location, and

       freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event.  Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another.  Jays

 (25)      prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

 (30)      information about the what, the where,

and the when.  Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

       reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory

如图所示

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-7-27 16:47:48编辑过]

maxtan

答案是d，

remembered what kind of food was stored in a particular location

里面有两种information ，一种是what kind ，另一种是where

所以d选项是Binding了两种信息。

smoker

    

支持 maxtan,
            选

    

D.
            Bind 了what, where 的信息

    另外 B  不对是
        题目问 part of the evidence，B 不是具体例子

    

    

xdffans

以下是引用wycg在2006-5-18 14:23:00的发言：

我同意你选的E.

因为题问的是"scrub jays能够bind information的evidence". D只是说它能记住food的location, 这应该只是

属于single bits of information,不是bind information.而E说它能collect single bits of informtion, 这就是对应文中的

"Clayton’s experiment required jays to remember the type, location, and freshness of stored food based on a unique learning event."那句话.

我倾向于选E.

D. remembered what kind of food was stored in a particular location

E. recollected single bits of information about sources of food

UP! E is better.

D only mentioned "type" and "location" whereas missed "freshness"

ocivv

支持D！

下文：

Such experiments cannot,however, reveal whether the birds were
                reexperiencing the past when retrieving the information.

如果三个都是对的，那么就是完全证明，就不存在“episodic-like” memory，而
                        reexperiencing 否定的就是when，显然，episodic-like的地方就是出了when之外其他的。

Friskies

以下是引用ocivv在2007-9-10 15:53:00的发言：

支持D！

下文：

Such experiments cannot,however, reveal whether the birds were
    reexperiencing the past when retrieving the information.

如果三个都是对的，那么就是完全证明，就不存在“episodic-like” memory，而
      reexperiencing 否定的就是when，显然，episodic-like的地方就是出了when之外其他的。

Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

 (30)      information about the what, the where,

and the when. 

原文中说了3个都证明了已经。

这个实验不能证明reecperience只是因为实验中没法证明小鸟不会去找那个不新鲜的东东到底是由于以前找过却发现他们已经不新鲜了而有痛苦经历导致以后再也不找了还是由于其他原因比如天生的啦、妈妈告诉他的拉等等。

这道题选E