OG-4 ,, 有题不明白......

maggiecookies

Passage 4

The majority of successful senior managers do not

closely follow the classical rational model of first clari-

fying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options,

estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision,

(5) and only then taking action to implement the decision.

Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these

senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intu-

ition” to mangage a network of interrelated problems

that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency,

(10) novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the

process to thinking.

Generations of writers on management have recog-

nized that some practicing managers rely heavily on

intuition. In general, however, such writers display a

(15) poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the oppo-

site of rationality: others view it as an excuse for ca-

priciousness.

Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes

of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is

(20) neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition

in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense

when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intu-

ition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly.

This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based

(25) on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experi-

ence that build skills. A third function of intuition is to

synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an inte-

grated picture, often in an “Aha!” experience. Fourth,

some managers use intuition as a check on the results

(30) of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are

familiar with the formal decision analysis models and

tools, and those who use such systematic methods for

reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions

suggested by these methods which run counter to their

(35) sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers

can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move

rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this

way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive

process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.

(40) One of the implications of the intuitive style of execu-

tive management is that “thinking” is inseparable from

acting. Since managers often “know” what is right

before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently

act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied

(45) to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers

develop thoughts about their companies and organiza-

tions not by analyzing a problematic situation and then

acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.

Given the great uncertainty of many of the manage-

(50) ment issues that they face, senior managers often insti-

gate a course of action simply to learn more about an

issue. They then use the results of the action to develop

a more complete understanding of the issue. One impli-

cation of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often

(55) part of defining the problem, not just of implementing

the solution.

24. The passage provides support for which of the following statements?

(A)    Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.

(B)    Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.

(C)    Managers’ intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills

(D)    Logical analysis of a problem increases the number of possible solutions.（E）

(E)     Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.

C

为什么C不对呢?

reveals that managers’ intuition is

(20) neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition

不是证明C是可以的吗?

katie83

Some see it as the opposite of rationality, others view it as an excuse for ca->>

priciousness. I 的理论和以上两种相反,而作者又很推崇I的理论,因此,C是不对的,你再好好看看题吧

maggiecookies

谢谢... 当时就是脑子转不过弯, 没看仔细,

   

jinzl

已经明白24题的Ｃ为什么错，但请问Ｂ为什么与原文陈述相反？

(B) Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-5-31 16:14:14编辑过]

jinzl

再请问

21. Which of the following best exemplifies “an ‘Aha!’ experience” (line 28) as it is presented in the passage?

(A) A manager risks taking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problem at hand.

(B) A manager performs well-learned and familiar behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem.

(C) A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.

(D) A manager rapidly identifies the methodology used to compile data yielded by systematic analysis.

(E) A manager swiftly decides which of several sets of tactics to implement in order to deal with the contingencies suggested by a problem.

已经明白Ｃ为什么对，但请问Ａ，Ｂ，Ｄ，Ｅ的文章出处在哪？（因为ＯＧ并没有分析错误选项）

Ｂ的出处是否是22-23行的第2条？

E的出处是否是35-37行的第5条?

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-5-31 16:12:52编辑过]

jinzl

up

思故

正好刚做完，有20题做错的吗？为什么E不行呢？不是说对“intuition”的定义不对吗？而且“making business decision”只是part of the process of managerial practice呀。请赐教！

20. The passage suggests which of the following about the “writers on management” mentioned in line 12?

(A) They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.

(B) They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.

(C) They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.

(D) They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.

(E) They have not acknowledged the role of intuition in managerial practice.

maggiecookies

 Rather, senior managers use intuition

in at least five distinct ways.
        

这 5 个WAYS 都是将怎样 MAKE DECISION 所以选D,

jinzl

up,继续问24题的Ｂ为什么与原文陈述相反？

(B) Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.

再请问

21. Which of the following best exemplifies “an ‘Aha!’ experience” (line 28) as it is presented in the passage?

(A) A manager risks taking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problem at hand.

(B) A manager performs well-learned and familiar behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem.

(C) A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.

(D) A manager rapidly identifies the methodology used to compile data yielded by systematic analysis.

(E) A manager swiftly decides which of several sets of tactics to implement in order to deal with the contingencies suggested by a problem.

已经明白Ｃ为什么对，但请问Ａ，Ｂ，Ｄ，Ｅ的文章出处在哪？（因为ＯＧ并没有分析错误选项）

jinzl

up