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172. There is a great deal of geographical variation in the frequency of many surgical procedures—up to tenfold variation per hundred thousand between different areas in the numbers of hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies.
To support a conclusion that much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical procedures, it would be most important to establish which of the following?
(A) A local board of review at each hospital examines the records of every operation to determine whether the surgical procedure was necessary.
(B) The variation is unrelated to factors (other than the surgical procedures themselves) that influence the incidence of diseases for which surgery might be considered.
(C) There are several categories of surgical procedure (other than hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies) that are often performed unnecessarily.
(D) For certain surgical procedures, it is difficult to determine after the operation whether the procedures were necessary or whether alternative treatment would have succeeded.
(E) With respect to how often they are performed unnecessarily, hysterectomies,
prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies are representative of surgical procedures in general.
做这道题的时候，我还是按照以前总结的顺序问题 =〉原文=〉问题=〉选项。但是当我看完原文开始再看问题时，头脑一片空白。 这是我今天早上半个小时18题中的第一道，当时心都凉了。不用说，这道题当然做错了。这也是我做过得最令人费解的CR之一。
费解的原因，分析一下，主要有：
1。文章比较短，信息比较少。
2。生词比较多，看了就怕。
3。话题不熟悉，没有亲切感。
4。逻辑很晦涩，找不到北。
总之，我看了这道题以后彻底晕倒。混乱之中，选了 C。当然，是错误的选项。
看了 OG的解释，不明白，于是到CD上来，翻了以前的帖子，发现讨论这题的人不多，可能这道题对大多数人来说不是难题，而恰巧，又是我的盲点。
仔细分析一下此题。“ There is a great deal of geographical variation in the frequency of many surgical procedures”是原文的中心句，也是结论。第一遍阅读大多数人，像我，都可能不明白，于是继续看。破折号后面的应该是解释或者举例。在破折号后面的句子中虽说有很多生词，但大致的意思就是说不同地方(between different areas)的差别(variation)很大，其中，作者还引入了数字来证明。OK，既然后面的是解释和举例，那么我们还是将重点放到第一句话。至此，我们应该能大概理解，第一句话是说“地理因素差异存在于外科手术当中”，也就是说，地理因素的不同导致了很多外科手术的不同。（注：这里Frequency是什么意思暂且不论）
了解了原文大概的意思，我们回到问题。“ To support a conclusion that much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical procedures, it would be most important to establish which of the following?” 在这里，我们可以发现，在问题当中，作者提出了结论，并且让我们结合原文，推出什么选项能support这个结论。在这里，结论是“much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical procedures”。看看结论，我们可以发现，作者的想法是这些variation是由于很多不需要的procedures导致的。粗浅的分析一下，要证明这种想法，可能的方法就是证明variation不是由于其他的原因导致的。
现在，在分析完原文和问题后，我们看选项。
(A) A local board of review at each hospital examines the records of every operation to determine whether the surgical procedure was necessary. ==> A选项提出的事实是每个医院的local董事会通过审查每个手术的记录来决定手术流程是否必要。显然，这提出了另外一种variation的原因，所以是错误选项。
(B) The variation is unrelated to factors (other than the surgical procedures themselves) that influence the incidence of diseases for which surgery might be considered. ==> B选项指出Variation，也就是不同的手术流程，并不是由于疾病不同而产生的。也就是说，B选项排除了variation产生的一些可能性。从另一方面，这种分析促进了conclusion。所以正确。
(C) There are several categories of surgical procedure (other than hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies) that are often performed unnecessarily. ==> C选项提出一些事实有很多不必要的procedures.咋看起来，好像正确，但其实，conclusion是说variation是由于unnecessary procedures。所以C选项偏离了结论的意思。
(D) For certain surgical procedures, it is difficult to determine after the operation whether the procedures were necessary or whether alternative treatment would have succeeded. ==> 对procedure是否necessary的讨论偏离了结论。
(E) With respect to how often they are performed unnecessarily, hysterectomies,
prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies are representative of surgical procedures in general. ==> E选项偏得更远。
当然，考试的时候不可能这样分析，但平常训练的时候，认真分析对训练思路还是有帮助的。
另外，以后如果还碰到这种看了就晕倒的题目，一定要心定，多抽点时间分析。
Let's Fight,
Demon Hunter | 
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发表于 2006-4-28 12:33:00
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