assumption题的问题总结

cissie0128

假设题： 假设题（assumption）的最有效方法就是对选项取非 但是
1）取非时注意 least all only等词语的取非操作分别是 all some other等
2）有些选项可以strengthen原来的结论 但未必是假设 如OG103
3）假设题中排除他因也是一个重要方法 和取非一起使用 几乎无一失手
4）取非後的选项要能够彻底否定原来论断 否则就不是假设 仅仅是support 如OG195
5）如果原论断是一个全面概念 如only exact等表达 假设选项中一般以only或not方式表达； 反之如果原论断是以some， or， and等方式表达 那么only选项的取非不能充分推翻原论断 就一定不能选（这个在时间不够 要猜的时候特别有用）

用这个方法做assumption题我怎么一直没找到感觉呢？没什么思路

167. Because no employee wants to be associated with bad news in the eyes of a superior, information about serious problems at lower levels is progressively softened and distorted as it goes up each step in the management hierarchy. The chief executive is, therefore, less well informed about problems at lower levels than are his or her subordinates at those levels.翻译？

The conclusion drawn above is based on the assumption that

(A) problems should be solved at the level in the management hierarchy at which they occur

(B) employees should be rewarded for accurately reporting problems to their superiors

(C) problem-solving ability is more important at higher levels than it is at lower levels of the management hierarchy

(D) chief executives obtain information about problems at lower levels from no source other than their subordinates D

(E) some employees are more concerned about truth than about the way they are perceived by their superiors

167.

Unless chief executives rely solely on their subordinates for information about problems at lower levels, the progressive softening and distorting of information described in the passage need not bar the chief executive from obtaining accurate information. Thus, the conclusion that the chief executive is comparatively poorly informed about such problems is based on assuming choice D, which is therefore the best answer.

None of the other choices is assumed. Choices A and B are recommendations that the facts in the passage might support. The issue of where problem-solving ability is best deployed (choice C) may be affected by the conclusion’s truth or falsity, but need not be decided in order to draw the conclusion. Choice E, if true, would tend to counteract the phenomenon the passage describes.

173. Researchers have found that when very overweight people, who tend to have relatively low metabolic新陈代谢 rates, lose weight primarily through dieting, their metabolisms generally remain unchanged. They will thus burn significantly fewer calories at the new weight than do people whose weight is normally at that level. Such newly thin persons will, therefore, ultimately regain weight until their body size again matches their metabolic rate.

The conclusion of the argument above depends on which of the following assumptions?

我不明白a选项和原文中的那句话有什么不同？？这考得到底是什么？

(A) Relatively few very overweight people who have dieted down to a new weight tend to continue to consume substantially fewer calories than do people whose normal weight is at that level.

(B) The metabolisms of people who are usually not overweight are much more able to vary than the metabolisms of people who have been very overweight.

(C) The amount of calories that a person usually burns in a day is determined more by the amount that is consumed that day than by the current weight of the individual.

(D) Researchers have not yet determined whether the metabolic rates of formerly very overweight individuals can be accelerated by means of chemical agents. A

(E) Because of the constancy of their metabolic rates, people who are at their usual weight normally have as much difficulty gaining weight as they do losing it.

173.

If compared with people who have not been overweight, newly thin people burned fewer calories but also generally consumed fewer calories, one would not reliably conclude that the newly thin people would regain weight. Therefore, the conclusion assumes that the newly thin do not generally consume few calories, making choice A the best answer.

The conclusion does not rely on differences in the variability of the metabolism (choice B), just on differences in the rate of metabolism, nor does it rely on the relative significance of different factors in determining how many calories a person burns in a day (choice C). Neither does the conclusion assume anything about whether accelerators for the metabolism have been discovered (choice D), or about why some people have difficulty gaining weight (choice E).

202.Gortland has long been narrowly self-sufficient in both grain and meat. However, as per capita income in Gortland has risen toward the world average, per capita consumption of meat has also risen toward the world average, and it takes several pounds of grain to produce one pound of meat.？？？ Therefore, since per capita income continues to rise, whereas domestic grain production will not increase, Gortland will soon have to import either grain or meat or both.没看懂

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) The total acreage devoted to grain production in Gortland will not decrease substantially.

(B) The population of Gortland has remained relatively constant during the country’s years of growing prosperity.

(C) The per capita consumption of meat in Gortland is roughly the same across all income levels.

(D) In Gortland, neither meat nor grain is subject to government price controls. E

(E) People in Gortland who increase their consumption of meat will not radically decrea se their consumption of grain.

jeffreyqian

我个人觉得看懂题目才是王道