请教LSAT-Set5-SecII-Q9,12

nobody

Although nondairy coffee lighteners made with coconut oil contain 2 grams of saturated fat per tablespoon, or 7 times more than does whole milk, those lighteners usually contain no cholesterol. Yet one tablespoon of such lighteners causes the consumer’s blood cholesterol to rise to a higher level than does an identical amount of whole milk, which contains 2 milligrams of cholesterol per tablespoon.

9. Manufacturers of coffee lighteners based on coconut oil claim that their products usually cause the typical consumer’s blood cholesterol to rise to a lower level than does the use of whole milk as a lighteners. Which one of the following, if true, provides the most support for the manufacturers’ claim?

(A) Consumers of lighteners made with coconut oil who avoid other high-cholesterol foods and exercise more than average tend to have lower-than-average blood cholesterol levels.
(B) Coffee is frequently consumed with pastries and other rich desserts that themselves result in high blood cholesterol levels.
(C) One popular nondairy coffee lightener that is not based on coconut oil has reduced its fat content by 20 percent while keeping its cholesterol content at zero.
(D) Consumers typically add to their coffee substantially smaller quantities of coconut-oil-based lighteners than of whole milk.
(E) Most consumers are convinced that whole dairy products increase blood cholesterol and that nondairy coffee lighteners do not.
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答案D，提干说同样数量lighteners和milk比较，lighteners使cholesterol 升的更高,选项D说lighteners用得比milk少来支持结论。我认为不确定。只有提干说同样数量的lighteners 和whole milk效果一样raise the level of cholesterol, 选项D才能支持结论。A为何错，请大家指教。

12. Photovoltaic power plants produce electricity from sunlight. As a result of astonishing recent technological advances, the cost of producing electric power at photovoltaic power plants, allowing for both construction and operating costs, is one-tenth of what it was 20 years ago, whereas the corresponding cost for traditional plants, which burn fossil fuels, has increased. Thus, photovoltaic power plants offer a less expensive approach to meeting demand for electricity than do traditional power plants.  

The conclusion of the argument is properly drawn if which one of the following is assumed?

(A) The cost of producing electric power at traditional plants has increased over the past 20 years.
(B) Twenty years ago, traditional power plants were producing 10 times more electric power than were photovoltaic plants.
(C) None of the recent technological advances in producing electric power at photovoltaic plants can be applied to producing power at traditional plants.
(D) Twenty years ago, the cost of producing electric power at photovoltaic plants was less than 20 times the cost of producing power at traditional plants.
(E) The cost of producing electric power at photovoltaic plants is expected to decrease further, while the cost of producing power at traditional plants is not expected to decrease.
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答案D，小于20倍不一定能推出结论，如果小于等于10倍才行，为什么选D？
C，E错在哪里？请多指教。

shany

1.选项A错在who从句的表达，作为限定性从句，其缩小了consumers的范围，不能代表general consumers.如果改成非限定性从句，可以加强。
  选项D中有substantially smaller ，意即〉2/7，所以可以支持the manufacturers’ claim。

2. 题干关注的是成本的比较，并没有否认traditional plants同样有技术革新，所以C取非后无法削弱，不能作假设。E为将来状态，与当前的结论无关。我认为D中的20倍有误，应该为10倍，才是正确答案。

nobody

谢谢版主解答，12题查了黄皮书D应为10杯，ELSAT打错了。
9题"选项D中有substantially smaller ，意即〉2/7"还是没明白,
我是觉得用量少不等于功效小.(相同数量A比B高)好像推不出(减少数量A比B低).
请版主不吝赐教.

shany

Sorry,没认真看清数字。选项D的substantially smaller ，指oil lighteners用量小于milk用量的1/7,所以不会造成更高的blood cholesterol levels。

nobody

想明白了，不过我觉得此题还需2个假设才比较完善，
1.saturated fat 是造成the level of cholesterol升高的最主要原因如果不是唯一原因，
2. substantially smaller一定表示小于1/7.
多谢版主指教.

shany

1.saturated fat 是造成the level of cholesterol升高的最主要原因如果不是唯一原因，

你的分析有道理，但其实这属于某种常识，公认事实，不必质疑。gmat，lsat内这种公理用得很多。

2. substantially smaller 指相对可忽略，所以不用担心比例问题。

Bensontuo

nobody 发表于 2003-4-1 13:10
Although nondairy coffee lighteners made with coconut oil contain 2 grams of saturated fat per table ...

Spot the question type: Support the correlation / solve the discrepancy

Core of the argument:

Coconut oil = 2 grams of saturated fat per tablespoon or 7 times more than does whole milk ( No cholesterol )

1 table spoon of whole milk contains 2 mg of cholesterol < 1 table spoon of coffee lighteners

阿幹, 不就是喝咖啡加椰子奶精的人加的量少而已嗎？

Bensontuo

nobody 发表于 2003-4-1 13:10
Although nondairy coffee lighteners made with coconut oil contain 2 grams of saturated fat per table ...

12

Spot the question type: Sufficient assumption

Core of the argument

Cost of PE is 1/10 of Cost of PE 20 years ago

Cost of PE( T) is higher than Cost of PE ( T ) 20 years ago

這裡是兩件事情在不同時間點下對於兩件事情各自的成本比較, 但是兩件事情各自的成本比較不能夠代表這兩件事情哪一件事情必定為便宜或是固定為貴, 除非, 我們有個基準點去固定先。

如果你選C, 那你考點沒看明白, 就算新科技可以被傳統發電廠用, 你的結論還是無法削弱。你被題目騙走了, 題目就是要騙你從另外一條邏輯線去想 - 因為新科技的存在, 所以有裝新科技的發電廠的成本必定比那些傳統發電的發電廠的成本低, 而如果上述為真, 那新科技的發電廠的新措施必定比較便宜。  然後你就會想要削弱, 認為題目沒講說傳統發電廠不能夠裝新的科技來發電, 接著就爽爽選Ｃ了。

我們來看Ｄ.

根據修正後, 應該是 “ less than 10 times " 那就代表, 新的科技使得新的發電廠的發電成本為以前的傳統發電廠的成本的至少小於1/100, 怎摸看都對