B is right. It proves the point that : "他们用完了这个领域里面的创新机会."
The only reason why they are still successful after 40 is only that they enter the field later than others. It indicates that maybe in the next 5 -10 years they will be exhausted.
句子填空题通常是和上文的原因有联系的,所以这里应该选B,更好的和An alternative explanation is that by age forty most scientists have worked in their field for fifteen or more years and that by then they have exhausted the opportunity for creative work in that field. 相联系
a disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond age forty entered their field at an older age than is common
a disproportionately large number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond age forty entered their field at an older age than is common