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之前大家对揽瓜阁精读的反馈很好，就想着自己的时间开始把一些精读的文章根据JJ出题目～ 然后focus上线，IR需求 大家也大。就想着 把揽瓜阁的阅读 逻辑 IR 都放在这贴里打卡
每日的解析在揽瓜阁2024群更新
RC题源：揽瓜阁精读的文章+机经的题目
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1.CR
In 2022, the Mars rover Curiosity captured an image of a certain area on the Martian surface. Compared to an image taken four years earlier at the same location, new gullies and signs of mudflow were observed. Based on this, some scientists inferred that these new landforms prove the existence of liquid water activity on the surface of Mars to this day.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the scientists' inference above?
(A) Variations in Martian surface temperatures can lead to similar landform changes without the involvement of liquid water.
(B) Several small-scale Martian dust storms have occurred in the area over the past four years.
(C) Similar new landforms have also been discovered by rovers in some other regions of Mars.
(D) The presence of liquid water is a sufficient but not necessary condition for rapid landform changes on the Martian surface.
(E) Movements in the Martian lithosphere can trigger earthquakes, causing landslides that leave new traces on the surface.
Compared to large water treatment plants, small water treatment plants have weaker purification capabilities, resulting in higher levels of impurities in the water, which can lead to a higher incidence of illness among those who drink it. In a certain city, the newly added population all consume water from small water treatment plants, thus increasing the proportion of people drinking water from these plants. Therefore, the proportion of the population falling ill is also likely to rise.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
(A) The majority of the city's population continues to consume water from large water treatment plants.
(B) The city has implemented stricter regulations on water quality for all water treatment plants.
(C) The newly added population previously consumed untreated well water before moving to the city.
(D) Small water treatment plants have been upgrading their purification technologies to match those of large plants.
(E) The incidence of illness among the city's population has remained stable over the past few years.
答案:
AD
2.RC
For well over a century geophysicist have observed a steady and significant weakening in the strength of the earth’s magnetic field. Indeed, if this trend were to continue at the present rate, the field would vanish altogether in a mere 1,500 years. Most investigators are inclined to think that the decay is merely an aspect of the restlessness inherent in the field and that the field will recover its strength. Yet one cannot dismiss out of hand the possibility that the weakening portends a phenomenon that has recurred throughout geologic time: the reversal of the geomagnetic field.
Which of these two scenarios is correct? The answer lies concealed 3,000 kilometers below the earth’s surface within the outer core, a slowly churning mass of molten metal sandwiched between the mantle of the earth and the solid inner core. It is now generally accepted that the earth’s magnetic field is generated by the motion of free electrons in the convecting outer core. This theory supposes the core behaves like a self-sustaining dynamo, a device that converts mechanical energy into magnetic energy. In the geodynamo the earth’s rotation, along with gravitational and thermodynamic effects in and around the core, drives the fluid motions that produce the magnetic field.
Although the basic principles of dynamo action are well established, geophysicists do not yet understand the thermodynamics, fluid mechanics and electrical properties of the earth’s interior well enough to construct a universally accepted model of the geodynamo. Yet its workings can be glimpsed indirectly by observing the present-day field. These measurements yield many details of the short-term behavior of the field, such as its shape and “secular variation,” or ordinary fluctuation. To study the activity of the dynamo over aeons one must turn to the paleomagnetic record―the ancient magnetism frozen into rocks from the time of their formation.
Indeed, paleomagnetic evidence led to the first proposal that the earth’s field has reversed itself, put forward in 1906 by the French physicist Bernard Brunhes. Brunhes was intrigued by the discovery of rocks that were magnetically oriented in the direction opposite to the earth’s field. His startling suggestion was furiously debated for more than five decades. It was not until the early 1960’s, at about the time J. S. B. Van Zijl and his colleagues published the first detailed study of a paleomagnetically recorded field reversal in lavas from South Africa, that the idea was accepted by the scientific community at large. Today it is a fundamental tenet of geophysics that the earth’s magnetic field can exist in either of two polarity states: a “normal” state, in which north-seeking compass needles point to the geographic north, and a “reverse” state, in which they point to the geographic south.
In the 1960’s studies of radiometrically dated lavas yielded a consistent log of past polarity changes, including no fewer than nine major reversals in the past 3.6 million years, the most recent of which occurred 730,000 years ago. The time scale of polarity transitions has since been extended back nearly 170 million years.
Paleomagnetic records show that the geomagnetic field does not reverse instantaneously from one polarity state to the other. Rather, the process involves a transition period that typically spans a few thousand years. Hence for perhaps 98 percent of the time the field is stable and its shape is well understood. But for the remaining 2 percent of the time the field is unstable and its shape is not obvious. The foremost task for geophysicists in my field has been to chronicle the behavior of the reversing field―its shifting shape and fluctuating intensities―based on the sometimes faint and complex record of past events, imprinted in stone. The findings provide an invaluable probe into the hidden mechanisms of the geodynamo.
1. The passage implies that the most significant impediment to constructing a definitive model of the earth's geodynamo is the difficulty of
(A) reconciling the observed weakening of the earth's magnetic field with the predicted stability of the geodynamo
(B) interpreting the complex and sometimes contradictory evidence found in paleomagnetic records
(C) accurately simulating the high-temperature, high-pressure conditions found in the earth's outer core
(D) incorporating the effects of the earth's rotation and gravitational forces into a comprehensive geodynamo model
(E) obtaining sufficiently detailed measurements of the thermodynamic, fluid mechanic, and electrical properties of the earth's interior
2. The author's assertion that "the foremost task for geophysicists in my field has been to chronicle the behavior of the reversing field" serves primarily to
(A) emphasize the importance of collecting and analyzing paleomagnetic data for understanding geomagnetic field reversals
(B) suggest that the study of the earth's magnetic field during polarity reversals is a relatively new area of research
(C) argue that the behavior of the earth's magnetic field during reversals should be the primary focus of geodynamo modeling efforts
(D) imply that the current understanding of the earth's magnetic field during stable periods is more advanced than that of its behavior during reversals
(E) highlight the author's personal contributions to the field of geomagnetic research and their significance
3. The passage suggests that which of the following factors is likely to have the LEAST influence on the behavior of the earth's geodynamo?
(A) The composition and physical properties of the earth's inner core
(B) The fluid motions and convection currents within the earth's outer core
(C) The earth's rotation and its effects on the fluid dynamics of the outer core
(D) The thermodynamic gradients and heat transfer processes in the earth's interior
(E) The distribution and motion of free electrons within the earth's outer core
4. Based on the passage, which of the following statements best describes the current state of scientific understanding of geomagnetic field reversals?
(A) The causes and mechanisms of geomagnetic field reversals are well understood, but the precise timing and duration of future reversals remain unpredictable.
(B) While the occurrence of geomagnetic field reversals is widely accepted, there is ongoing debate about the reliability of paleomagnetic records as evidence for past reversals.
(C) The behavior of the earth's magnetic field during polarity reversals has been thoroughly documented, but the underlying processes driving these reversals are still poorly understood.
(D) Geophysicists have developed detailed models of the earth's geodynamo that can accurately simulate the processes leading to geomagnetic field reversals, but these models have yet to be fully validated by observational data.
(E) Although the general characteristics of geomagnetic field reversals are known from paleomagnetic evidence, the complex interplay of factors influencing the earth's geodynamo during these events remains a significant challenge for geophysical research.
5. The author mentions the study by J. S. B. Van Zijl and his colleagues primarily to
(A) provide an example of the earliest paleomagnetic evidence supporting the idea of geomagnetic field reversals
(B) emphasize the role of radiometric dating in establishing a timeline of past geomagnetic field reversals
(C) highlight the importance of detailed studies of individual field reversal events in advancing the acceptance of the reversal hypothesis
(D) illustrate the complex and sometimes contradictory nature of paleomagnetic records of field reversals
(E) suggest that the study of geomagnetic field reversals originated in the early 1960s with the work of Van Zijl and his colleagues
6. The passage suggests that the "secular variation" of the earth's magnetic field is best described as
(A) the gradual weakening of the field's strength over the past century
(B) the periodic reversal of the field's polarity over geologic time scales
(C) the short-term fluctuations in the field's shape and intensity
(D) the long-term stability of the field's shape during periods of constant polarity
(E) the complex behavior of the field during polarity transition periods
7. According to the passage, paleomagnetic records indicate that the earth's magnetic field
(A) reverses polarity instantaneously, with no discernible transition period
(B) remains stable in shape and intensity for approximately 98 percent of the time
(C) has undergone at least nine major reversals in the past 170 million years
(D) typically takes several million years to complete a polarity reversal
(E) has been consistently weakening in strength over geologic time scales
8. The author's attitude towards the current understanding of the earth's geodynamo can best be described as
(A) optimistic about the prospects for a comprehensive and universally accepted model in the near future
(B) critical of the reliance on indirect observational evidence and paleomagnetic records in studying the geodynamo
(C) advocating for a shift in focus from the stable behavior of the field to its behavior during polarity reversals
(D) emphasizing the need for further research to bridge the gaps in knowledge about the geodynamo's underlying processes
(E) questioning the validity of the basic principles of dynamo action in explaining the generation of the earth's magnetic field
EAAECCBD
3.DI
Yamaha Corporation, a world-renowned Japanese multinational corporation and conglomerate with a wide range of products and services, has been a leading manufacturer of musical instruments for over a century. The company's legacy of crafting high-quality pianos has earned it a reputation for excellence and innovation in the global music industry. However, in recent years, Yamaha has been grappling with a multitude of challenges that have threatened its position in the highly competitive piano market.
The advent of digital pianos and the increasing popularity of alternative instruments have led to a gradual decline in the demand for traditional acoustic pianos. Furthermore, the volatile economic conditions, exacerbated by the global financial crisis of 2008 and the more recent COVID-19 pandemic, have significantly impacted consumer spending habits and priorities. The rising costs of raw materials, such as the premium Hokkaido spruce used in the soundboards of Yamaha's pianos, have also put pressure on the company's profit margins.
In an effort to adapt to these changing market dynamics and consumer preferences, Yamaha has been investing heavily in research and development to create innovative products that cater to the evolving needs of musicians and music enthusiasts. The company's flagship line of grand pianos, the CFX series, has undergone numerous upgrades and refinements over the years, incorporating state-of-the-art technologies and materials to enhance the instruments' tonal quality, projection, and overall performance.
Despite the success of the CFX series among professional musicians and prestigious music institutions worldwide, Yamaha recognized the need to expand its offerings and appeal to a broader audience. In response, the company developed a new line of entry-level grand pianos called the CX series, which aims to provide a high-quality musical experience at a more affordable price point while maintaining the brand's reputation for excellence.
The CX series includes three models: the CX3 (6'3"), CX2 (5'10"), and CX1 (5'3"). These pianos incorporate some of the advanced features and technologies found in the CFX series, such as the soundboard made from premium Hokkaido spruce, the use of Yamaha's proprietary "ivorite" key material, and the implementation of the company's unique "Acoustic Resonance Enhancement" (A.R.E.) process for improving the tonal quality and projection of the instrument. By leveraging its extensive expertise and economies of scale, Yamaha has been able to offer these features in the CX series at a more competitive price point compared to its rivals.
To promote the new CX series and boost sales, Yamaha has launched a comprehensive marketing campaign targeting both professional musicians and music enthusiasts. The campaign includes partnerships with renowned artists, such as the acclaimed pianist Lang Lang, who has been featured in promotional videos and live performances showcasing the capabilities of the CX series pianos. Additionally, Yamaha has been actively participating in major music festivals and trade shows, such as the NAMM Show and the Montreux Jazz Festival, to showcase its new instruments and engage with potential customers.
In an effort to reach a wider audience and adapt to the changing landscape of the music industry, Yamaha has also been investing in digital marketing initiatives. The company has launched a series of online webinars and virtual demonstrations, allowing customers to experience the CX series pianos from the comfort of their own homes. These webinars feature prominent musicians and music educators who provide insights into the unique features and benefits of the CX series, as well as offer tips and techniques for getting the most out of these instruments.
Despite these efforts, initial sales figures for the CX series have been lower than expected. In the first quarter since the launch, the company sold 150 units of the CX3, 200 units of the CX2, and 120 units of the CX1, falling short of the projected sales targets by 20%, 15%, and 25%, respectively. These disappointing results can be attributed to various factors, including the intense competition from rival brands, the lingering effects of the pandemic on the music industry, and the challenges of effectively communicating the value proposition of the CX series to potential customers.
However, Yamaha remains optimistic about the long-term potential of the CX series and is considering various strategies to improve its market performance. The company is conducting extensive market research to gain a deeper understanding of customer preferences and needs, and is exploring new partnerships and collaborations with music schools, conservatories, and other educational institutions to promote the adoption of the CX series pianos.
Moreover, Yamaha is investing in advanced analytics and data-driven decision-making to optimize its production processes, supply chain management, and marketing efforts. By leveraging the power of artificial intelligence and machine learning, the company aims to gain a competitive edge in the market and respond more effectively to changing consumer demands and market trends.
In addition to these strategic initiatives, Yamaha is also exploring new business models and revenue streams to diversify its portfolio and reduce its reliance on traditional piano sales. The company is expanding its offerings in the digital piano and keyboard market, as well as venturing into the rapidly growing field of music education technology. By developing innovative software and applications that facilitate remote learning, collaboration, and performance, Yamaha seeks to position itself as a leader in the digital transformation of the music industry.
Despite the challenges posed by the highly competitive and rapidly evolving piano market, Yamaha remains committed to its core values of quality, innovation, and customer satisfaction. The company's long-standing reputation for excellence, coupled with its ability to adapt to changing market conditions and consumer preferences, has been instrumental in its success over the past century. As Yamaha continues to navigate the complexities of the modern music industry, it will need to strike a delicate balance between preserving its rich heritage and embracing new technologies and business models to ensure its long-term growth and sustainability.
In conclusion, while the initial sales figures for the CX series may have fallen short of expectations, Yamaha's strategic initiatives, investments in research and development, and commitment to innovation demonstrate its resilience and determination to succeed in the face of adversity. As the company continues to refine its approach and adapt to the evolving needs of the market, it is well-positioned to maintain its leadership position in the global piano industry and shape the future of music-making for generations to come.
1. According to the passage, which of the following factors has contributed to the decline in demand for traditional acoustic pianos?
A. The increasing popularity of digital pianos
B. The rise of alternative instruments
C. The impact of economic volatility on consumer spending habits
D. All of the above
2. The passage suggests that Yamaha has incorporated which of the following features in the CX series pianos to enhance their tonal quality and performance?
A. Soundboard made from premium Hokkaido spruce
B. Yamaha's proprietary "ivorite" key material
C. Acoustic Resonance Enhancement (A.R.E.) process
D. All of the above
3. Which of the following initiatives has Yamaha undertaken to promote the CX series pianos and reach a wider audience?
A. Partnering with renowned artists like Lang Lang for promotional videos and live performances
B. Participating in major music festivals and trade shows
C. Launching online webinars and virtual demonstrations
D. All of the above
4. According to the passage, the initial sales figures for the CX series in the first quarter fell short of the projected targets by the highest percentage for which model?
A. CX3 (20%)
B. CX2 (15%)
C. CX1 (25%)
D. The passage does not provide sufficient information to determine the answer
5. The passage suggests that Yamaha is exploring new partnerships and collaborations with which of the following institutions to promote the adoption of the CX series pianos?
A. Music schools
B. Conservatories
C. Educational institutions
D. All of the above
6. According to the passage, which of the following statements best describes Yamaha's approach to adapting to the changing market conditions and consumer preferences in the piano industry?
A. Focusing solely on the development and promotion of the CX series pianos
B. Investing in research and development to create innovative products that cater to evolving needs
C. Abandoning its traditional piano business in favor of digital pianos and keyboards
D. Reducing its investments in marketing and promotional activities to minimize costs
7. The passage mentions that Yamaha is leveraging advanced analytics and data-driven decision-making to optimize various aspects of its business. Which of the following areas are specifically mentioned as benefiting from this approach?
A. Production processes
B. Supply chain management
C. Marketing efforts
D. All of the above
8. According to the passage, Yamaha is expanding its offerings in which of the following markets to diversify its portfolio and reduce its reliance on traditional piano sales?
A. Digital pianos and keyboards
B. Music education technology
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B
9. The passage suggests that Yamaha's long-term success in the global piano industry can be attributed to which of the following factors?
AA. Its long-standing reputation for excellence
B. Its ability to adapt to changing market conditions and consumer preferences
C. Its commitment to quality, innovation, and customer satisfaction
D. All of the above
10. Based on the information provided in the passage, which of the following statements best summarizes Yamaha's outlook for the future of the CX series and its position in the global piano market?
A. Yamaha is confident that the CX series will quickly become the company's most profitable line of pianos, surpassing the success of the CFX series.
B. Despite initial sales figures falling short of expectations, Yamaha believes in the long-term potential of the CX series and is implementing various strategies to improve its market performance.
C. Yamaha is considering discontinuing the CX series and focusing exclusively on digital pianos and music education technology.
D. The passage does not provide sufficient information to determine Yamaha's outlook for the future of the CX series.
DDDCDBDCDB
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发表于 2024-6-12 08:57:35
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