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CR,答题卡:CB,答案: CA
1. P:许多管理层主要关注利润最大化,忽视道德考虑
C:建议在商学院里增加ethics课程可以解决这个问题
Assumption,取非削弱后的立场:在商学院里增加ethics课程并不能解决这个问题
选项C取非:商业决策并不会受到学校学习教育的重大影响【推断出学校搞这个课程没用】
2. P:20%的学生超过30岁,这些学生里1/3的人因为某种原因中断过大学学业
C:
结论题
我选B:30岁以上的学生里大多数人中断学业【因为推断30岁的学生里2/3没有中断学业】
答案A:至少20%*1/3的人要么30岁以后读的大学,要么中断一年,要么都有。(????为啥)
RC,答题卡:DDCBBACE,答案:DBCBBACB
1. 文章主旨题
2. 定位第二段:he second study further suggests that sanctions influence the perceived nature of the decision, leading individuals to view it as a business decision rather than an ethical one
3. Based on these findings, a theoretical model is developed, positing that the relationship between sanctions and cooperation is influenced by two factors: a signaling effect, whereby sanctions shape the perceived type of decision, and a processing effect, in which the decision processing, including the consideration of sanction strength, is determined by the evoked decision frame.
4. 定位倒数第二段:the presence of a weak sanctioning system, characterized by low detection probabilities and/or small penalties, may decrease cooperation compared to the absence of a sanctioning system.
5. 定位最后一段:This research predicts a negative relationship between weak sanctions and expectations,
6. 定位第一段:The increasing importance of these systems can be attributed to various managerial trends, including just-in-time inventory and total quality control, which heavily rely on benchmarking performance (Sewell and Wilkinson, 1992).
7. 定位第一段:Moreover, surveillance and sanctioning systems are considered crucial for promoting ethical behavior in organizations, as the absence of serious monitoring, measuring, and rewarding (or punishing) individual performance on the ethical plane may render codes of conduct ineffective (Lindsay, Irvine, and Lindsay, 1996).
8. 根据 Yamagishi、Messick 和其他学者的讨论,制裁系统应该减少个人对他人合作行为的预期,因为研究预测弱制裁与预期之间存在负相关关系【为什么e不对???】
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