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Theme: cardiovascular adaptation of different types of snakes to cope with effects of gravity, particularly on blood pressure
Terrestrial snakes (on land)
- heart closer to the head, helps with circulation
- vital organ above heart
- evolved to mitigate gravity's effect (+)
Sea snakes (in water)
- even blood distribution due to uniform pressure in water
- central located heart, blood pressure drops to zero out of water (-)
- shows lack of adaptation to gravity (-)
Arboreal snakes ( tree snakes)
- heart even closer to head
- also use muscular contraction to aid blood return
RC Answers: EACAC
CR Answers: A/E E
P: genetic study suggests that ancestors diverged from common ancestors from Asia to America
C: America was first NOT populated by asian migrants
GAP: scope of the study, could there be other studies serve as evidences to suggest the opposite?
A) does not weaken, if that is the case, it indicate asian migration theory was correct, not arguing against it
B) NT
C) NT
D) NT
E) weaken, questions the study's completeness. This implies the scope of the study could be much larger, it might missed out on crucial evidences - directly challenges the conclusion
A. repeating the premise
B. professional preference =/ public use? not tied to conclusion
C. weaken
D. cool, a perk of oxygen, but what about nitrogen?
E. this is the best, presents a pro about oxygen, and a con of nitrogen, thus explains the discrepancy |
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