揽瓜阁训练营 第二十二天（含CR，RC和DI题目）

kikisay

主旨：snake blood pressure adaption to gravity
EEDAC
P1 – 引出话题：gravity affects animals’ blood pressure, and snakes on land have developed something to deal with that
P2 – compared with snake in sea, there are differences, they have no such mechanism, when their heads are high, blood pressure drops
P3 – 同样也是一个adaptation就是心脏的位置：对比sea snake和arboreal snake

arboreal 树木的；栖息在树上的
muscular contraction 肌肉收缩

Chelseaccc

Mark一下！               

kikisay

主旨：snake blood pressure adaption to gravity
EEDAC
P1 – 引出话题：gravity affects animals’ blood pressure, and snakes on land have developed something to deal with that
P2 – compared with snake in sea, there are differences, they have no such mechanism, when their heads are high, blood pressure drops
P3 – 同样也是一个adaptation就是心脏的位置：对比sea snake和arboreal snake

arboreal 树木的；栖息在树上的
muscular contraction 肌肉收缩

lxw111

CR：AE
第一题：
P: 最近基因研究发现当地美洲部落的祖先是一个古老的group，它和共同的祖先很早就有所不同了。
C：这个研究发现质疑了首先来美洲的是亚洲移民
问削弱，方向说明来美洲的是亚洲移民，并解释基因不同的原因
A 选项亚洲移民来之后，本地美洲部落的基因同他们祖先的发生了不同，移民后发生了基因变化。
--没有理解题干的信息“their ancestors were part of an ancient group that diverged from a common ancestor much earlier.”
第二题：
P：氮气相比氧气的优点阻止轮胎老化及维持稳定的轮胎压力，尽管价格高且不易获得，但赛车使用氮气
C：公共不太可能使用氮气，即使更易获得
问加强，氮气的优点不适用公共情况或者 在公共的情况下有其他的负向影响
A 题中前提在可以容易获得氮气的情况下
B 无关、
C 氮气的正向
D 氧气负向没有太大
E 和氧气相比，氮气存在安全风险

RC: BACAC
首段：重力对陆地动物的心血管系统有独特的挑战性，陆地蛇-重力阻碍血液流动，特别对于心脏以上的关键器官。陆地蛇进化出来生理策略来减缓这个影响。
第二段：海蛇水一致的压力减缓重力的影响; 但一旦脱离了水来到陆地上，随着头抬高，血压会明显下降。但陆地蛇不会发生这种情况，因为已经进化了适应重力。
第三段：陆地蛇进化适应-心脏里头部更近-维持脑部血液流动。对比，海蛇心脏在身体中间位置-减低血液分布所需的难度。树栖蛇-心脏据头部15%的距离，为了帮助血液从尾部回流，在血液返回心脏时利用肌肉收缩。
1 主旨，BE两个选项，B是背景animals整体情况，全文具体讨论的是蛇的行为
2 A其他文中没有提到
3 C D选项只有在血液回心脏会肌肉收缩非constant
4 A 海蛇心脏在中间位置，不适应陆地上的竖立情况
5 C 其他选项没有提到
Physiological
Cerebral：脑的
Arboreal：树栖
Venous：静脉

Corayep

Mark一下！               

新加坡小白

RC: BADAB

[Para 1] Gravity has effects on T animals and as such evolved

[Para 2] Sea snakes do not need to adjust to gravity but T snakes need

[Para 3] Comparison of heart positions of S, T, and A snakes

CR: AE
Conclusion: Ancestors were part of the ancient group that diverged from a common ancestor – America is not first populated by Asian

Y
X – genetic not cultural
X – does not weaken because same ancestors
X – not related
X – not directly related

Conclusion: Nitrogen is not likely to be used widely for tire inflation EVEN IF more accessible

X - pseudo
X – does not strengthen
X – weakens
P – possible?
Y – it is a safety hazard

IR

1) 3
2) Pu'er
3) Guangdong
4) Sichuan Guangdong Jiangsu

megumi-taffy

12/19
我的答案：EACAC



CR：
我的答案AE

megumi-taffy

12/19
我的答案：EACAC
正确答案：EACAC
P1重力对地表生物造成了挑战，引出对地表的蛇，阻碍了血液流动，进化出了可以消除这种影响
P2海蛇的心脏位置，即对重力的适应；不过，当海蛇脱水后血压会下降
P3三种蛇的心脏的位置，陆蛇心脏离头近，海蛇心脏位于中央，林中的蛇，心脏位置位置离头更近

CR：
我的答案:AE
正确答案:EE
前提：基因证据表明美洲的祖先由更早的祖先分化而来，
结论：非亚洲人迁移过来
削弱：基因研究忽略了从亚洲到美洲的多种移民的可能性


前提：在赛车时氮气普遍用于充气
结论：即使氮气的可得性提升了也不会提升公共的轮胎充气
增强：氮气跟氧气的性质差异导致不同的大气压导致不安全

uyenmy

CR:
1. Old theories: Asian (1000y ago) migrated to Americas.
Recent studies: Ancestors of Native American tribes were different from common ancestors much earlier.
=> Weaken ancestors not from the common group?
Maybe the divergence occured after the immigration. Before that, they shared the same ancestors: Asians => A
2. Filling tire with N2 rather than O2: prevent tire aging and maintainng stable tire pressure. N2: racing cars, more expensive, not readily available in nature.
Conclusion: N2 not wildly promoted even if becomes more accessible.
Strengthen?
Safety risks related problems regarding tire pressure
=> E

RC:
P1: Gravity exerts challenges on the cardiovascular system of terrestrial animals.
Example of snake: gravity forces can impede the flow of blood => snakes evolved physiological strategies to mitigate these effects
=> the challenges that gravity exert causes on the cardiovascular
P2: Surrounding water negates gravity's influence -> even distribution of blood, regardless body position of sea snakes.  However, when sea snakes are removed from water, blood pressure decreases, dropping to zero. This not occcur in terrestrial snakes => evolutionary adapations to gravity.
=> Comparision btw sea snakes and terrestrial snakes -> sugggest that terrestrial snakes may have evolved to adapt
P3: Observed adaptation in terrestrial snakes (heart position closer to the head) and in sea snakes (heart centrally located). Arboreal sankes: heart 15% away from the head.
=> Examples on the adatations against gravity exerts of snakes

1E 2A 3C 4A 5C

pinx

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