[揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day182

luzitao630

某municipality在讨论在港口建某项目需要的大型器材究竟该怎么从内陆运过来. 用公路运输比较贵, 用一个半废弃的canal运输的运输成本比公路低很多, 所以建议使用canal.
P: 用废弃运河的运输成本比公路低很多; C: 所以, 应该使用废弃运河运输
GAP: 只考虑到了成本没考虑到别的因素
问weaken
废弃运河的局限性, 公路运输的优越性
C-reactive protein level是arterial inflammation (动脉炎症) 的indicator. 而arterial inflammation是cardiovascular diseases (心血管疾病) 的一种. 有一组实验, 进行体育锻炼的人血液内C-reactive protein的level下降. 对照组中使用某种drug的人CRP也有drop。医生的结论是: 这种drug对于降低心血管疾病风险的作用跟运动一样.
P: 体育锻炼降低了CRP, 同时吃药也降低了CRP; C: 使用药物对降低新血管疾病的作用和运动一样
如何评估上面的观点
那些运动的人是不是没什么心血管疾病才会去锻炼的?
样本量有多少?
City Official: At City Hospital, uninsured patients tend to have shorter stays and fewer procedures performed than do insured patients, even though insured patients, on average, have slightly less serious medical problems at the time of admission to the hospital than uninsured patients have. Critics of the hospital have concluded that the uninsured patients are not receiving proper medical care. However, this conclusion is almost certainly false. Careful investigation has recently shown two things: insured patients have much longer stays in the hospital than necessary, and they tend to have more procedures performed than are medically necessary.
In the city official’s argument, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles?
The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second provides support for the conclusion of the city official’s argument.

楓羽_

Day 182
1.        大型器材的运输
某municipality在讨论在港口建某项目需要的大型器材究竟该怎么从内陆运过来。用公路运输比较贵，用一个半废弃的canal运输的运输成本比公路低很多，所以建议使用canal
问weaken思路：用canal可能會無法成功運輸過來、或是有其他重大危害
其他可能答案：廢棄的canal維修的成本高於公路運輸

2.        心血管疾病
C-reactive protein level是arterial inflammation（动脉炎症）的indicator。而arterial inflammation是cardiovascular diseases（心血管疾病）的一种。有一组实验，进行体育锻炼的人血液内C-reactive protein的level下降.对照组中使用某种drug的人CRP也有drop。医生的结论是：这种drug对于降低心血管疾病风险的作用跟运动一样
问evaluate
思路：相反來實驗是否也是這樣的結果、是否有其他因素導致
更正：結果一樣，但過程可能不同：drug是否與心血管疾病有直接關聯


3.        住院病人
City Official: At City Hospital, uninsured patients tend to have shorter stays and fewer procedures performed than do insured patients, even though insured patients, on average, have slightly less serious medical problems at the time of admission to the hospital than uninsured patients have. Critics of the hospital have concluded that the uninsured patients are not receiving proper medical care. However, this conclusion is almost certainly false. Careful investigation has recently shown two things: insured patients have much longer stays in the hospital than necessary, and they tend to have more procedures performed than are medically necessary.
In the city official’s argument, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles?

A. The first states the conclusion of the city official’s argument; the second provides support for that conclusion.
B. The first is used to support the conclusion of the city official’s argument; the second states that conclusion.
C. The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second states the position that the city official’s argument opposes.
D. The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second provides support for the conclusion of the city official’s argument.
E. The first states the position that the city official’s argument opposes; the second states the conclusion of the city official’s argument.
E

顾周i

Mark一下！               

顾周i

Day 182
1.        大型器材的运输
某municipality在讨论在港口建某项目需要的大型器材究竟该怎么从内陆运过来。用公路运输比较贵，用一个半废弃的canal运输的运输成本比公路低很多，所以建议使用canal
问weaken

削弱：有其他成本最后总成本下来canal比公路贵

2.        心血管疾病
C-reactive protein level是arterial inflammation（动脉炎症）的indicator。而arterial inflammation是cardiovascular diseases（心血管疾病）的一种。有一组实验，进行体育锻炼的人血液内C-reactive protein的level下降.对照组中使用某种drug的人CRP也有drop。医生的结论是：这种drug对于降低心血管疾病风险的作用跟运动一样
问evaluate

服用drug的人是否也锻炼了？


3.        住院病人
City Official: At City Hospital, uninsured patients tend to have shorter stays and fewer procedures performed than do insured patients, even though insured patients, on average, have slightly less serious medical problems at the time of admission to the hospital than uninsured patients have. Critics of the hospital have concluded that the uninsured patients are not receiving proper medical care. However, this conclusion is almost certainly false. Careful investigation has recently shown two things: insured patients have much longer stays in the hospital than necessary, and they tend to have more procedures performed than are medically necessary.
In the city official’s argument, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles?

A. The first states the conclusion of the city official’s argument; the second provides support for that conclusion.
B. The first is used to support the conclusion of the city official’s argument; the second states that conclusion.
C. The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second states the position that the city official’s argument opposes.
D. The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second provides support for the conclusion of the city official’s argument.
E. The first states the position that the city official’s argument opposes; the second states the conclusion of the city official’s argument.



E

Clara006

Mark一下！               

Nora小碗

Mark一下！               

Nora小碗

1. 方向：清理成本高

2.作用机理是一样的

3. d

DonkeyG

1.        大型器材的运输
某municipality在讨论在港口建某项目需要的大型器材究竟该怎么从内陆运过来。用公路运输比较贵，用一个半废弃的canal运输的运输成本比公路低很多，所以建议使用canal
问weaken

Canal运输很可能破坏器材。

2.       心血管疾病
C-reactive proteinlevel是arterial inflammation（动脉炎症）的indicator。而arterial inflammation是cardiovasculardiseases（心血管疾病）的一种。有一组实验，进行体育锻炼的人血液内C-reactive protein的level下降.对照组中使用某种drug的人CRP也有drop。医生的结论是：这种drug对于降低心血管疾病风险的作用跟运动一样
问evaluate

需要判断这个C level是否也是其他病症的indicator。

3.       住院病人
City Official: AtCity Hospital, uninsured patients tend to have shorter stays and fewerprocedures performed than do insured patients, even though insuredpatients, on average, have slightly less serious medical problems at the timeof admission to the hospital than uninsured patients have. Critics of thehospital have concluded that the uninsured patients are not receiving propermedical care. However, this conclusion is almost certainly false. Carefulinvestigation has recently shown two things: insured patients have muchlonger stays in the hospital than necessary, and they tend to have moreprocedures performed than are medically necessary.
In the cityofficial’s argument, the two boldface portions play which ofthe following roles?

A. The first statesthe conclusion of the city official’s argument; the secondprovides support for that conclusion.
B. The first isused to support the conclusion of the city official’sargument; the second states that conclusion.
C. The first wasused to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second states theposition that the city official’s argument opposes.
D. The first wasused to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second providessupport for the conclusion of the city official’sargument.
E. The first statesthe position that the city official’s argument opposes; thesecond states the conclusion of the city official’sargument.

D

小虎v

做题

小虎v

Day 182
1.        大型器材的运输
某municipality在讨论在港口建某项目需要的大型器材究竟该怎么从内陆运过来。用公路运输比较贵，用一个半废弃的canal运输的运输成本比公路低很多，所以建议使用canal
问weaken
参照：在运输这个问题上不能只考虑价钱，价钱低是有点，但是还有其他的缺点比如说损耗，运输周期长，既然是半废弃说明在运输过程中还会有突发事件

2.        心血管疾病
C-reactive protein level是arterial inflammation（动脉炎症）的indicator。而arterial inflammation是cardiovascular diseases（心血管疾病）的一种。有一组实验，进行体育锻炼的人血液内C-reactive protein的level下降.对照组中使用某种drug的人CRP也有drop。医生的结论是：这种drug对于降低心血管疾病风险的作用跟运动一样
问evaluate
参照：题目假设了C-reactive protein level 低 跟 cardiovascular diseases 是因果关系， 需要验证是否真的是因果关系
服用这种drug对 arterial inflammation 是否有影响

3.        住院病人
City Official: At City Hospital, uninsured patients tend to have shorter stays and fewer procedures performed than do insured patients, even though insured patients, on average, have slightly less serious medical problems at the time of admission to the hospital than uninsured patients have. Critics of the hospital have concluded that the uninsured patients are not receiving proper medical care. However, this conclusion is almost certainly false. Careful investigation has recently shown two things: insured patients have much longer stays in the hospital than necessary, and they tend to have more procedures performed than are medically necessary.
In the city official’s argument, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles?

我找不到boldface是哪两句话