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• Stress
○ 1936 [HS] injected rats with extracts
§ Control group: identical changes
○ Chronic activation of stress: impair health
§ Why: difference in susceptibility
□ Psychological and social charateristics
□ Sense of control : influence physiology
® e.g. rats+warning: stress ↓+pathology↓
◊ human: compllicated
§ benefit:withstand immediate threats
□ "fight or flight"
® Glucose & oxygen: not essential organs→ crucial organs
◊ ↑:Constricting vessel, heart rate
◊ ↓: growth,reproduction
§ Damage: healthy tissues atrophy,fatigue
□ Damage the heart, blood vessel and kidney
□ Reduce fertility ,diminish immune function
§ Direct effects: hypertension and heart disease
§ Indirect effects:difficult to trace
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