[揽瓜阁精读] 275. The Life of the First Vertebrates

yurifromcanada

P1: 提出vertebrates是如何进化而来的问题，列举vertebrates的优势
vertebrates是从哪个 invertebrate group如何转换发展的？引出下文
- The earliest vertebrates一直是动物学中最 intriguing的：
- vertebrates最相关的近亲是protochordates such as the tunicates and the lancelets，他们share同一个phylum Chordata。但是ancestral chordate缺少active的organ systems。
- Figure 1表现了vertebrate的最大优势，与morphology of amphioxus and of a fish对比，列举了五项。

P2: 进一步提出vertebrates的优势点
The earliest vertebrates 进化了glomerular kidney，a complex endocrine system，a unique type of tissue-bone。
vertebrate body的特征最终支持了人类的进化。

P3: 回答首段提出的问题
evolution是由于自然选择，在早期这些功能和身体特种一定是生存所需的。
想解答这些dramatic changes发生的原因需要回答的两个相关问题：originate的环境和自然选择进化的驱动力是什么

xixio

275-----介绍脊椎动物的evolved features并提出待解决的疑问
生词：vertebrate脊椎动物   integrate整合
The earliest vertebrates have long been among the most intriguing ---direct ancestor of human and major evolutionary jump

The closest living relatives---protochordates---share the phylum Chordata: lack most of the organ systems necessary
(Vertebrates~~lancelet amphioxus)
Figure 1: major advancement (compare the morphology and fish): a set of sense organs, a large brain to integrate sensory information, and an arrangement of muscle blocks
+Enhanced capability evolved to provide energy
+evolved the glomerular kidney, a complex endocrine system, and a unique type of tissue-bone
=====>most of the features were acquired during the evolution of fish

The most logical explanation: natural selection
Two related questions:
1. in what environment
2. what were the selective forces

Jiaan

thx

Premiere

275 the life of the first vertebrates 11’08
P1: invertebrate→vertebrate? Long been Qs among the most intriguing（有趣的，引人入胜的）in zoology. Closest living relatives of V are PRO, V&P share phylum C. major vertebrate advancements include a set of highly specialized sense organs, a large brain and an arrangement of muscle blocks and an enhanced metabolic capability and digest systems.
P2: earlier V evolve glomerular kidney, a complex endocrine system and a unique type of tissue-bone. Most features eventually permitted evolution of humans acquired during the evolution of fish from ancestral chordates.
P3: natural selection leads to these advancements. Two questions:1. what environment did V originate and what were the selective forces favored the evolution of V body plan?