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- 2015-6-27
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• 1799 granite boulders
○ Smooth, black and as if coated with plumbago
§ Indian legends: burnt by sun
○ Scientific mystery:
§ Found similar rocks elsewhere
□ e.g. at Bahis, rain forest, underneath glacier, and apex
§ Origin: ranged
□ Oceans or organic matter
□ Most popular: sweating
® Water + sun
® Was the sun hot enough?
§ Rock varnish
□ Physical and chemical structure
® a thin layer
◊ 60% clay minerals
◊ 20-30% oxides of manganese and iron
◊ 30 minor compounds
} Copper and zinc oxides
® Color: amount of manganese oxides
◊ High: black
◊ Lacks manganese + iron oxides:orange
} Bottom and inside
◊ Intermediate : brownish orange
□ Decisive clue: bacteria concentrate Mg
® Moisture: + microorganism
® Poor in nutrients: Mg-O↑,heterotrophic organism ↓
® Neutral PH
◊ MgO : in alkaline ;ph>9
◊ Orange: too high
® Interactions btw clay and bacteria
◊ Clay: concentrates nutrients+protects bacteria
◊ Bacteria: Mg
□ Examination: the presence of bacteria
® Found Mg-concentrating bacteria
® Produce similar bacteria
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