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[揽瓜阁精读] 157.虎蛾和蝙蝠

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141#
发表于 2022-11-7 20:37:26 | 只看该作者
157.虎蛾和蝙蝠

蝙蝠通过回声定位的系统来捕捉猎物。

但是这个方法对于虎蛾来说并不奏效:
-因为虎蛾本身有剧毒
-并且虎蛾自己可以发出干扰的超声波,并且听到蝙蝠发出的声音

之前人们认为虎蛾是靠自己发出超声波来干扰蝙蝠的判断,但是虎蛾更多的时候希望蝙蝠知道它们的存在,并对蝙蝠发出警告:它们是有毒的,而且不好吃。

科学家在继续研究虎蛾和蝙蝠的空中对决
142#
发表于 2022-11-7 21:39:48 | 只看该作者
同意!               
143#
发表于 2022-11-7 22:24:21 | 只看该作者
看一下!               
144#
发表于 2022-11-7 23:31:05 | 只看该作者
P1:(bats习性)晚上活跃,用高频声音捕食

P2:(概念)回声定位原理echolocation:bats通过声音辨别物体大小,声波大小和物体大小成正比,声音小----物体在移动(声波大——物体静止)
例外:不适用于捕获Tiger moths

P3:(介绍Tiger moths)分布广泛、外形像老虎而得名、皮肤有毒——蝙蝠不爱吃

P4:(Tiger moths特殊器官):鼓室(tymbal),有两个,一个会产生高频声音,另一个用来听声音

P5:Tiger moth用鼓室(tymbal)干扰bats,所以不被抓到

P6:(转折)虽然之前觉得Tiger moth通过超声纳阻碍了bats的声纳系统,但实验表明它们依靠鼓室(tymbal)传递警告型号来防bats

P7:(总结)Tiger moths和bats的空中斗争还没有科学定论
145#
发表于 2022-11-8 04:21:37 | 只看该作者
P1
介绍蝙蝠,夜行动物,捕食昆虫考HPS(介绍HPS是啥)
P2
elaborate蝙蝠发声/捕猎方式,回声
蝙蝠靠回声机制来猎杀那些处在黑暗中的昆虫
但是我虎蛾不甘为盘中餐
P3
介绍虎蛾
虎蛾的一些身体特征(IDGAF)
虎蛾的皮肤里有毒素,所以饱吃
P4
虎蛾不为盘中餐百万年,介绍虎蛾的一个organ
P5
正是该organ帮助虎蛾逃脱猎杀
具体介绍其中机制
P6
之前认为是虎蛾通过超声波干扰蝙蝠的sonar system来躲避追捕
现在发现其实是并没有,我就在这,你能感觉到我但是我的毒素和饱吃的性质都在问你你换个食物不香吗
P7
赶着去嗨赶出的conclusion

生词
pitch
1. pitch noun (SPORTS FIELD)尤指足球场
a football/hockey/cricket pitch
足球/曲棍球/板球赛场
2. the level or degree of something 水平;程度
high pitched sound
3. the level of a feeling (感觉的)程度
2. If you teach children and adults in the same class, it's difficult to get the pitch (= level of difficulty or interest) right.
3. By this time their disagreement had reached such a pitch that there was no hope of an amicable conclusion.
vibrate
1. to shake slightly and quickly, or to cause something to do this, in a way that is felt rather than seen or heard(使)震动;(使)颤动
2. (电子装置的设置)振动
The whole station seemed to vibrate as the express train rushed through.
His voice vibrated with anger.
2. The show's about to start - I'm going to put my phone on vibrate.
fold
1. 折叠
2. fold your arms: to bring your arms close to your chest and hold them together
3.(of a business) to close because of failure
4. suffix: -fold
threefold, fourfold
1.
Will you help me to fold (up) the sheets?
The table folds up when not in use.
She sat with her legs folded under her.
3. Many small businesses fold within the first year.
4.
· There has been more than a 30-fold increase in Internet users in the past two years.
· The problems are twofold - firstly, economic, and secondly, political.
· In the last 50 years, there has been a 33-fold increase in the amount of pesticide used in farming.
stripe
1. COLOUREDSTRIP
2. (军装上表示等级的)臂章,军阶条
1. The zebra is a wild African horse with black and white stripes.
woolly
1. 羊毛制的:made by wool 羊毛
2. Woolly ideas and thinking are confused and not clear, and have not been considered carefully enough.
2. it's the woolly thinking behind the book that I find so infuriating.
这本书混乱的思路让我感到非常愤怒。
I can't stand these woolly-headed/-minded liberals!
thorax
胸,胸廓
loop
循环Tiger moth evades the bat, by a series of evasive maneuvers of loops, spirals, and dives.
spiral
螺旋
dive
to move quickly, often in order to avoid something(为躲避而)冲,奔,扑
They dived for cover when they heard the shooting start. 他们一听到枪声就赶紧找地方躲起来。
squeak
1. to make a short, very high cry or sound
2. (测验、竞赛等)勉强通过;侥幸成功
1. She let out a squeak of fright at the sight of the spider.
2. He squeaked through the exam.
jam
1.堵在机器中的东西;让机器部件无法运动的东西
2. a difficult situation 困境,窘境
3. to be, or make something, unable to move(使)轧住;(使)卡住
4. to push something forcefully or with difficulty into something else 把…塞入
1. She fed the documents into the machine making sure that there were no paper jams.
2. I'm in a jam - could you lend me some money till next week?
How are we going to get ourselves out of this jam?
3.
· The door jammed behind me and I couldn't get out.
我进来后门随即卡住了,我出不去了。
· He jammed the window open with a piece of wood.
4. He jammed the boxes into the back of the car.

146#
发表于 2022-11-8 04:24:00 | 只看该作者
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147#
发表于 2022-11-8 08:22:12 | 只看该作者
蝙蝠夜行性,透過發出聲波來補獵。聲波震動越快聲音越高,反之則越低,回聲聲音高代表獵物證在靠近,反之則遠離。

虎蛾從小就吃很多植物,並且累積毒素在表面,所以是不好吃的蛾。他在後胸有一個特殊器官叫做Tymbal,可以發出超聲波,然後胸上也有一個聲波的聽覺器官。所以虎蛾可以聽見蝙蝠發出的聲波來方便他們躲避(上下左右隨便轉),讓蝙蝠不知道這個獵物的確切方向。以前認為虎蛾是透過干擾蝙蝠的聲波來躲避被捕食,現在則發現他們是透過提醒補獵者他們很難吃然讓自己不會被吃。

然後這個研究還在繼續。
148#
发表于 2022-11-8 08:55:40 | 只看该作者
同意!               
149#
发表于 2022-11-8 09:45:12 | 只看该作者
同意!               
150#
发表于 2022-11-8 16:51:32 | 只看该作者
看一下!               
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