[揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day4

kirsiii

Day 4

1.        咖啡因和失眠

Althoughit is sometimes claimed that consuming caffeine at high levels does not causeinsomnia, statistical evidence shows that it does. Study after study has foundthat people with high levels of caffeine consumption from beverages such ascoffee, tea, and soft drinks are far more likely to suffer from insomnia thanpeople who consume little or no caffeine.

Whichof the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

P1:很多研究发现从饮料中获取很多咖啡因的人比那些不获取咖啡因的人更容易失眠

C：所以咖啡因会导致失眠

Gap：人群控制（这些喝很多咖啡因的人本身没有睡眠问题）

A.Consumption of caffeine from sources other than coffee, tea, and soft drinks isunlikely to cause insomnia.

B.Caffeine consumption is the only commonly occurring cause of insomnia.

C. People suffering from insomnia donot typically respond to their lack of sleep by consuming much more caffeinethan they would if they did not suffer from insomnia.

D.The only evidence available to show whether caffeine causes insomnia isstatistical evidence showing correlations between caffeine consumption andinsomnia.

E.Anyone who regularly consumes caffeine in more than moderate quantities willsuffer from insomnia.

C

2.        Computer worms

computerworms are mostly malicious. However, one of the widespread computer worms addssecurity features for infected computers. However, although the creator of thiscomputer worm had good intention, he did more harm than good. explain thisdiscrepancy.

P:一个电脑病毒可以帮助受感染的电脑更安全

C：但是这个人即使是抱着好意，他做的也是弊大于利

可能因为这个人的行为导致很多人对电脑病毒有了信任，但是大部分病毒都是恶意的

3.        Motorized TM 维修

做了一个调查，motorized TM 十年中10%需要维修，non-motorized TM 只有2%需要维修。如果人们想在日常使用中不被disruptor disrupt更少，就应该用non-motorized。问assumption

选项有

P：调查显示，motorized TM需要维修的比例更高

C：如果想要不被disrupt，就应该用non-motorized

Gap：控制样本了吗？

是否motorized TM的使用率更高呢？

A:做survey的这些人，买motorized的和买non-motorized的一样多  

B: 买motorizedTM的人没有比买non-motorizedTM的人用的次数更多

B

断了的弦

1.        咖啡因和失眠
Although it is sometimes claimed that consuming caffeine at high levels does not cause insomnia, statistical evidence shows that it does. Study after study has found that people with high levels of caffeine consumption from beverages such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks are far more likely to suffer from insomnia than people who consume little or no caffeine.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Consumption of caffeine from sources other than coffee, tea, and soft drinks is unlikely to cause insomnia.
B. Caffeine consumption is the only commonly occurring cause of insomnia.
C. People suffering from insomnia do not typically respond to their lack of sleep by consuming much more caffeine than they would if they did not suffer from insomnia.
D. The only evidence available to show whether caffeine causes insomnia is statistical evidence showing correlations between caffeine consumption and insomnia.
E. Anyone who regularly consumes caffeine in more than moderate quantities will suffer from insomnia.因果关系：高浓度咖啡因导致失眠
答案否定了其中的因果倒置的情况，肯定不是失眠所导致的咖啡购买欲望

2.        Computer worms
computer worms are mostly malicious. However, one of the widespread computer worms adds security features for infected computers. However, although the creator of this computer worm had good intention, he did more harm than good. explain this discrepancy.
在清除病毒的同时会导致其他致命问题

3.        Motorized TM 维修
做了一个调查，motorized TM 十年中10%需要维修，non-motorized TM 只有2%需要维修。如果人们想在日常使用中不被disrupt or disrupt更少，就应该用non-motorized。问assumption
选项有
A: 做survey的这些人，买motorized的和买non-motorized的一样多  
B: 买motorized TM的人没有比买non-motorized TM的人用的次数更多

PBkk

Day 4
1.        咖啡因和失眠
Although it is sometimes claimed that consuming caffeine at high levels does not cause insomnia, statistical evidence shows that it does. Study after study has found that people with high levels of caffeine consumption from beverages such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks are far more likely to suffer from insomnia than people who consume little or no caffeine.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Consumption of caffeine from sources other than coffee, tea, and soft drinks is unlikely to cause insomnia.
B. Caffeine consumption is the only commonly occurring cause of insomnia.
C. People suffering from insomnia do not typically respond to their lack of sleep by consuming much more caffeine than they would if they did not suffer from insomnia.
D. The only evidence available to show whether caffeine causes insomnia is statistical evidence showing correlations between caffeine consumption and insomnia.
E. Anyone who regularly consumes caffeine in more than moderate quantities will suffer from insomnia.
P： people with high levels of caffeine consumption from beverages such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks are far more likely to suffer from insomnia than people who consume little or no caffeine.
C： consuming caffeine at high levels does  cause insomnia

相关因果
Support：
- 原理：反向因果：不是因为有insomnia -> 导致caffeine consumption；第三方原因导致了high consumption & insomnia; consumption 如何导致insomnia；
选C



2.        Computer worms
computer worms are mostly malicious. However, one of the widespread computer worms adds security features for infected computers. However, although the creator of this computer worm had good intention, he did more harm than good. explain this discrepancy.

C：he did more harm than good.


Support：
- 原理：如何harm: security features碰到worms的某个特征导致无法工作；security features不适用于现在的电脑；



3.        Motorized TM 维修
做了一个调查，motorized TM 十年中10%需要维修，non-motorized TM 只有2%需要维修。如果人们想在日常使用中不被disrupt or disrupt更少，就应该用non-motorized。问assumption
选项有
A: 做survey的这些人，买motorized的和买non-motorized的一样多  
B: 买motorized TM的人没有比买non-motorized TM的人用的次数更多



C：如果人们想在日常使用中不被disrupt or disrupt更少，就应该用non-motorized
Support：
- 因果关系：调查具有代表性，可以证明non-m TM & m TM的差异。
选B

luzitao630

Although it is sometimes claimed that consuming caffeine at high levels does not cause insomnia (失眠), statistical evidence shows that it does. Study after study has found that people with high levels of caffeine consumption from beverages such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks are far more likely to suffer from insomnia than people who consume little or no caffeine.
P: 消费咖啡因的人比起没消费得咖啡因的人更容易得I; C: 咖啡因的锅
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Consumption of caffeine from sources other than coffee, tea, and soft drinks is unlikely to cause insomnia.
B. Caffeine consumption is the only commonly occurring cause of insomnia.
C. People suffering from insomnia do not typically respond to their lack of sleep by consuming much more caffeine than they would if they did not suffer from insomnia.-取非则因果倒置
D. The only evidence available to show whether caffeine causes insomnia is statistical evidence showing correlations between caffeine consumption and insomnia.
E. Anyone who regularly consumes caffeine in more than moderate quantities will suffer from insomnia.
Computer worms are mostly malicious. However, one of the widespread computer worms adds security features for infected computers. However, although the creator of this computer worm had good intention, he did more harm than good.
矛盾点: 为什么又security, 但是harm多过good?
EXPLAIN
电脑病毒可以利用security的特点隐瞒自己, 绕过杀毒软件识别 (特洛伊木马)
做了一个调查, motorized TM 十年中10%需要维修, non-motorized TM 只有2%需要维修. 如果人们想在日常使用中不被disrupt or disrupt更少, 就应该用non-motorized.
motorized TM只需要维修10%, 而non-motorized TM需要维修2%; 所以, 应该用non-motorized TM (换句话说就是维修量少)
GAP: 绝对值和相对值的关系如何? 百分比少绝对数量就少?
The argument assumed which of the followings?
A: 做survey的这些人, 买motorized的和买non-motorized的一样多-无关选项
B: 买motorized TM的人没有比买non-motorized TM的人用的次数更多-YES, 提到了次数

顾周i

Day 4
1.        咖啡因和失眠
Although it is sometimes claimed that consuming caffeine at high levels does not cause insomnia, statistical evidence shows that it does. study has found that people with high levels of caffeine consumption from beverages such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks are far more likely to suffer from insomnia than people who consume little or no caffeine.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Consumption of caffeine from sources other than coffee, tea, and soft drinks is unlikely to cause insomnia.
B. Caffeine consumption is the only commonly occurring cause of insomnia.
C. People suffering from insomnia do not typically respond to their lack of sleep by consuming much more caffeine than they would if they did not suffer from insomnia.
D. The only evidence available to show whether caffeine causes insomnia is statistical evidence showing correlations between caffeine consumption and insomnia.
E. Anyone who regularly consumes caffeine in more than moderate quantities will suffer from insomnia.

P：科学家证实高摄入咖啡因会导致失眠
C：爱喝高浓度咖啡因饮料的人比不咋喝咖啡因饮料的人容易失眠
assumption：不是因果倒置——C

2.        Computer worms
computer worms are mostly malicious. However, one of the widespread computer worms adds security features for infected computers. However, although the creator of this computer worm had good intention, he did more harm than good. explain this discrepancy.
解释题补充GAP
P：一种电脑蠕虫可以给中毒的电脑增加防火墙
C：这个电脑蠕虫的坏处大于好处
解释坏处有多坏/坏处大于好处

3.        Motorized TM 维修
做了一个调查，motorized TM 十年中10%需要维修，non-motorized TM 只有2%需要维修。如果人们想在日常使用中不被disrupt or disrupt更少，就应该用non-motorized。问assumption
选项有
A: 做survey的这些人，买motorized的和买non-motorized的一样多  
B: 买motorized TM的人没有比买non-motorized TM的人用的次数更多
调查题：
从削弱点出发1、实验对象有偏 2、实验条件有偏
取非——实验条件无偏、实验对象无偏——A：强调实验的无偏性

Cocoboyxx

看一下！               

Cocoboyxx

1. 咖啡因和失眠
Although it is sometimes claimed that consuming caffeine at high levels does not cause insomnia, statistical evidence shows that it does. Study after study has found that people with high levels of caffeine consumption from beverages such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks are far more likely to suffer from insomnia than people who consume little or no caffeine.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Consumption of caffeine from sources other than coffee, tea, and soft drinks is unlikely to cause insomnia.
B. Caffeine consumption is the only commonly occurring cause of insomnia.
C. People suffering from insomnia do not typically respond to their lack of sleep by consuming much more caffeine than they would if they did not suffer from insomnia.
D. The only evidence available to show whether caffeine causes insomnia is statistical evidence showing correlations between caffeine consumption and insomnia.
E. Anyone who regularly consumes caffeine in more than moderate quantities will suffer from insomnia.

P：？
C：有很多研究发现高咖啡因摄入的人相较于低咖啡因摄入的人更有可能患失眠
Q：问假设
思路：关联咖啡因与insomnia
选项：A，除咖啡、茶、饮料以外的咖啡因摄入不会造成失眠，讨论咖啡因，咖啡因存在的地方不是重点；B，咖啡因摄入是唯一常见的引起失眠的原因，不能成为假设；C，患有失眠的人不会比不患失眠的人摄入更多的咖啡因，排除了因果倒置，正确；D，？，与数据无关；E，绝对化；
【逻辑思路】F：通常看法——摄入高水平的咖啡因不会导致失眠；统计表明——会
P：？
C：反复研究表明：人们从饮料如咖啡茶软饮料中摄入高水平的咖啡因比少摄入或不摄入咖啡因的人更容易失眠
思路：将高水平咖啡因与失眠关联。排除其他导致失眠的原因
作者假设：高水平咖啡因的摄入与失眠有关
方向：考场上选高水平咖啡因摄入与失眠有关，或排除其他原因的选项
【备选答案】与不失眠的人相比，失眠的人不会因为缺少睡眠而摄入更高水平的咖啡因（否定了因果倒置的情况）

2.  Computer worms
computer worms are mostly malicious（恶毒的）. However, one of the widespread computer worms adds security features for infected computers. However, although the creator of this computer worm had good intention, he did more harm than good. explain this discrepancy.

F：computer worms are mostly malicious
P：one of the widespread computer worms adds security features for infected computers
C：although the creator of this computer worm had good intention, he did more harm than good.
Q：问解释
思路：security features的缺点
方向：security features虽然能保护电脑，但运行起来经常会使电脑崩溃
【逻辑思路】F：计算机如从大多数都可恶。有一种广为传播的蠕虫为受损电脑增加安全因素
P：电脑用户因为对这种好蠕虫的好印象而疏于对其他坏蠕虫们的防护
C：尽管这种蠕虫的创造者是出于好意，他做坏事多于做好事
思路：探寻该蠕虫，该蠕虫创造着的多面性（尤其是负面影响）
作者假设：该蠕虫创造者好心办坏事
方向：考场上选该蠕虫创造者好心（不要选该创造者有恶意的选项）办坏事的选项
【备选答案】电脑用户因为对这种好蠕虫的好印象而疏于对其他坏蠕虫的防护

3. Motorized TM 维修
做了一个调查，motorized TM 十年中10%需要维修，non-motorized TM 只有2%需要维修。如果人们想在日常使用中不被disrupt or disrupt更少，就应该用non-motorized。问assumption
选项有
A: 做survey的这些人，买motorized的和买non-motorized的一样多  
B: 买motorized TM的人没有比买non-motorized TM的人用的次数更多

F：一个调查，motorized TM 十年中10%需要维修，non-motorized TM 只有2%需要维修
P：？
C：如果人们想在日常使用中不被disrupt or disrupt更少，就应该用non-motorized
Q：问假设
思路：调查中的其他因素是否一致
选项：A，调查只要是正常抽样维修率应该都是正常数据，无关接受调查买的人数；B，使用次数也会影响维修次数，正确；
【逻辑思路】思路：使用频次，维修频率，大修与否（因主要与维修费用相关，与被干扰关系不大，故放弃这一线索）
作者假设：调查比较具有可比性，维修百分比少的TM使人们少受打扰，维修百分比少的TM维修频率也低
方向：考场上选维修百分比与受干扰挂钩的选项
【备选答案】A: 做survey的这些人，买motorized的和买non-motorized的一样多  
B: 买motorized TM的人没有比买non-motorized TM的人用的次数更多（加强）

Shirlin211

C

Turv_vc

1.        咖啡因
P：相关数据统计人们饮用含有咖啡因的饮料跟容易比那些不饮用的更容易失眠
C：人们食用咖啡因会导致失眠
Assumption: 这只确定了咖啡因这么一种变量导致失眠，但是有可能还有压力，什么等也会导致失眠，所以题目的p和c之间要确保只有单一变量，所以这个题目选B
2.        有些时候这种电脑病毒给电脑带来了安全保障但是与此同时，这种安全措施是这个电脑使用更加繁琐，给客户带了来很大的使用困难
3.        选B
A中你购买不够买的人数最终并不会影响的你的维修的比例，只有使用次数才会影响，说不定你用的更多需要维修的更多

Kacerlotte

进阁打卡-逻辑NO.3

Day 4
1.        咖啡因和失眠
Although it is sometimes claimed that consuming caffeine at high levels does not cause insomnia, statistical evidence shows that it does. Study after study has found that people with high levels of caffeine consumption from beverages such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks are far more likely to suffer from insomnia than people who consume little or no caffeine.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Consumption of caffeine from sources other than coffee, tea, and soft drinks is unlikely to cause insomnia. ---无关比较
B. Caffeine consumption is the only commonly occurring cause of insomnia. ---排除他因方向，但没有提及“大量咖啡因”
C. People suffering from insomnia do not typically respond to their lack of sleep by consuming much more caffeine than they would if they did not suffer from insomnia.---无因果倒置
D. The only evidence available to show whether caffeine causes insomnia is statistical evidence showing correlations between caffeine consumption and insomnia.---无关
E. Anyone who regularly consumes caffeine in more than moderate quantities will suffer from insomnia.---无关比较
推理模式：相关因果（加强方向：因果相关/无他因/无因果倒置）
逻辑链：饮料摄取多咖啡因-->所以更易失眠
答案：C


2.        Computer worms
computer worms are mostly malicious. However, one of the widespread computer worms adds security features for infected computers. However, although the creator of this computer worm had good intention, he did more harm than good. explain this discrepancy.
解释题：这个电脑病毒能保护电脑-->但是因为“答案”-->坏处更多
答案方向：1. 这个病毒占很多内存让受感染电脑performance变差 2. 这个病毒给其他怀恶意的病毒提供了效仿对象


3.        Motorized TM 维修
做了一个调查，motorized TM 十年中10%需要维修，non-motorized TM 只有2%需要维修。如果人们想在日常使用中不被disrupt or disrupt更少，就应该用non-motorized。问assumption
选项有
A: 做survey的这些人，买motorized的和买non-motorized的一样多  
B: 买motorized TM的人没有比买non-motorized TM的人用的次数更多
推理模式：因果（加强方向：因果相关/因本身成立）
逻辑链：mTM坏率10%&nmTM坏率2%-->mTM更容易坏-->所以用nmTM
答案：B