[揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day2

Franklee0630

1、
P：考古发现柿子，为外地作物
C：英国人吃本地不熟悉的事物
题型：削弱题
没吃的水果不能体现出古人对事物的喜好

2、
P：使用新科技，假币慢慢消失
C：科技有作用
题型：假设题
新货币使用了这一技术？感觉不像是前提假设

3、
P：心血管疾病在高污染地多发，实验高污染高概率疾病
结论：高污染更可能导致疾病
题型：削弱题
疾病的起因不一定只和污染有关，他因存在

论坛201

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二丫00

769. Several industries have recently switched at least partly from older technologies powered by fossil fuels to new technologies powered by electricity. It is thus evident that less fossil fuel is being used as a result of the operations of these industries than would have been used if these
industries had retained their older technologies.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?


逻辑链：
P1：一些工业已经从化石能源部分转到电驱动的新能源。
P2：
C：因为这些行业的变化，相比较之前使用旧能源，更少的化石能源被使用。
因为结论是这些行业的存在使得消耗更少的化石燃料，加强就是消弱或者最小化其弱点。

A. Many of the industries that have switched at least partly to the new technologies have increased their output.
转到新科技的工业增加了产出，逻辑上没有加强
B. Less fossil fuel was used to manufacture the machinery employed in the new technologies than was originally used to manufacture the machinery employed in the older technologies.
新科技下驱动机器生产需要更少的化石能源，无关
C. More electricity is used by those industries that have switched at least partly to the new technologies than by those industries that have not switched.
转向新科技的工业用电用得更多，没有加强
D. Some of the industries that have switched at least partly to the new technologies still use primarily technologies that are powered by fossil fuels.
即使转向新科技，这些工业仍然以化石能源为主，没有加强
E. The amount of fossil fuel used to generate the electricity needed to power the new technologies is less than the amount that would have been used to power the older technologies.
用来生成电的化石能源比之前少了，论证严谨，属于加强

二丫00

770. The difference in average annual income in favor of employees who have college degrees, compared with those who do not have such degrees, doubled between 1980 and 1990. Some analysts have hypothesized that increased competition between employers for employees
with college degrees drove up income for such employees.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the explanation described above?



逻辑链：
P1：假设雇主的竞争增加，使他们提高工资来吸引雇员。
P2：
C：有大学学位雇员的平均年度工资在1980年到1990年翻倍。
一道削弱题，会最大程度放大论证的弱点。如果竞争实际上并没有增加，或者非学位雇员的工资涨得更多。

A. During the 1980s a growing percentage of college graduates, unable to find jobs requiring a college degree, took unskilled jobs.
随着大学毕业生的增多，找不到需要大学学位工作的毕业生接受了不需要技术的工作。表明实际的竞争并没有增加。选A
B. The average age of all employees increased slightly during the 1980s.
雇员的平均年龄轻微增加，对于解释平均工资差距增加无关。
C. The unemployment rate changed very little throughout most of the 1980s.
失业率几乎没有变化。在这种情况下，也有可能学位毕业生的竞争实际增加，其它毕业生的竞争实际减少。
D. From 1980 to 1990 the difference in average income between employees with advanced degrees and those with bachelor’s degrees also increased.
学士学位的平均工资和更高学位的平均工资的差距也在增大，说另一件事，不选
E. During the 1980s there were some employees with no college degree who earned incomes comparable to the top incomes earned by employees with a college degree.
有些没有学位的雇员的工资和大学毕业生一样高