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- 2022-10-6
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P1: Cement - widely used BUT polluting态度:介绍陈述
How polluation is produced?
Cement is the main ingrediant of concrete. Both heating (fueled by coal) and chemical reaction release CO2, so contribute to global warming.
How bad? 5% world's greenhouse gases.
P2: Actions to restrict emission
态度:驳斥
How?
1. EU restrict emissions from cement kilns.
2. Biggest firm joined Initiative and promised to cut emission.
(出题:他们加入initiative目的是什么?)
But demand increase, things will get worse.
P3: Improvement
态度:中立
3 biggest firms pledged and kept their promise.
P4: 3 areas contribute to the improvement
态度:中立
First: make kilns more efficient
Second: replace with alternatives
Third: mix more additives
P5: Limitations of 3 tactics
态度:驳斥
First: little scope left
Second: substitution difficult
(细节题:greenpeace认为水泥工厂focus more on water incineration)
Third: building codes
(出题:从P5可以infer出hard to further cut emission)
P6: More critics
态度:驳斥
Demand grow - emission increase
举例:L司pledge在水泥需求sluggish的地方减排,同时希望在merging market扩大市场。甚至收到了埃及公司的cement division。
(出题:举例L司为了说明水泥公司的虚假承诺;这些手段无法达到减排的目的)
P7: New solution
态度:中立
1. Capture CO2 and store underground.
2. More sparingly usage of varieties and concrete
(转移矛盾)
(出题: why提到BL) With a photo of thin pedestrian, BL says that:
1. Environments should take on construction industry as a whole. Why? Building can be more energy efficient; and smarter archetecture and city planning can reduce demand for cement and concrete
2. Environments should not blame cement industry
P8: Evaluation on the new solution
态度:消极
DS: support, but ultimately need a substitute. So far none of the alternatives gain commercial success.
Main Idea: Argue limitations of 3 tactics to resolve cement pollution and so far no effective ones.
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