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[阅读小分队] 揽瓜阁阅读做题小分队 第162天 存在主义

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发表于 2021-9-19 13:10:13 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
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Existentialism is a term applied to the work of certain late 19th- and 20th-centuryphilosophers who, despite profound doctrinal differences, shared the belief thatphilosophical thinking begins with the human subject—not merely the thinkingsubject, but the acting, feeling, living human individual. In existentialism, theindividual's starting point is characterized by what has been called "the existentialattitude", or a sense of disorientation and confusion in the face of an apparentlymeaningless or absurd world. Many existentialists have also regarded traditionalsystematic or academic philosophies, in both style and content, as too abstract andremote from concrete human experience.

A central proposition of existentialism is that existence precedes essence, whichmeans that the most important consideration for individuals is the fact that they are anindividual—an independently acting and responsible, conscious being ("existence")—rather than what labels, roles, stereotypes, definitions, or other preconceivedcategories the individual fits ("essence"). The actual life of the individual constituteswhat could be called their "true essence" instead of an arbitrarily attributed essenceothers use to define them. Thus, human beings, through their own consciousness,create their own values and determine a meaning to their life.
                                                                                                                                                     
1. It can be inferred from the passage that:
(A) Most late 19th and 20th century philosophers had profound doctrinal differences
(B) Style is more important than value in existential philosophy.
(C) Existentialism favors a deeper connection to human experience than traditionalphilosophies.

(D) Existential philosophers were frequently confused by traditional philosophies.

(E) A core notion of existentialism is that “true essence” supersedes the individual.


2. Which of the following situations best illustrates the “existential attitude”?
(A) A confused man wanders through an orderly and structured parking lot trying to find his car
(B) A confused woman contemplates charges for something that she never did and that never happened.
(C) A disoriented dog gets lost in a large, well-manicured park, but is found by his owners later.
(D) A purposeful student sits in an outdoor art gallery with no boundaries or logic and contemplates life.
(E) A disoriented sailor finishes 2nd in an outcome that was expected by some and doubted by others.


3. The author uses the term “true essence” in order to:
(A) identify the preconceived categories in which the individual fits
(B) emphasize the importance of individualism over consciousness
(C) show how human beings create their own consciousness
(D) define the true life of an individual in contrast to that created by others
(E) contrast the individual with the true self                                       
                                
                                       
参考答案:
CBD





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发表于 2021-9-19 15:13:16 | 显示全部楼层
CEB
第一段:介绍引入existentialism, 以及对比和传统主义的不同
第二段: existentialism 的本质, true essence
发表于 2021-9-19 16:39:45 | 显示全部楼层

C B C
第一段,定义存在主义的观点是思想来源于人和人的行为,跟传统哲学做对比
第二段,中心思想是存在优于本质,个体优于使用的的本质



发表于 2021-9-19 16:59:09 | 显示全部楼层
existentialism提出,强调的内容,对traditional的看法;
中心思想:existence>essence;俩e分别是什么;人自身才是创造价值的因素
CDD
发表于 2021-9-19 21:23:14 | 显示全部楼层
C 04:41
D 01:31
D 01:16
Notes:
Elism: 19-20th  thinking+acting
Elists: ×trad: too abstract

Elism: prop: exis>essence;
×"true essense" def arbi
发表于 2021-9-19 21:43:49 | 显示全部楼层
感谢分享!               
发表于 2021-9-19 21:53:35 | 显示全部楼层

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发表于 2021-9-20 12:41:54 | 显示全部楼层
CED
发表于 2021-9-20 17:11:39 | 显示全部楼层
C:\Users\lenovo\Desktop\9.png

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发表于 2021-9-20 19:58:16 | 显示全部楼层
aee
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