【揽瓜阁 外刊精读8.0】Day7 2021.06.22【社会科学-女性、行政规划】

嘎嘎扭蛋机

D7

汤圆上700

DAY7打卡

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P1
-总结文章中心大意
What may happen if 50% of CEOs are women?
-总结分论点或每段段落大意
1: Background: more women work as CEOs.
2: Database: few elites were women and it would take many years to close the gender gap
3: The fact that improving board diversity with quotas have limited effect & the real problem of unequal treatment: unequal access to power
5: Conditions in business had improved: successful suit & the existence of gender scores
6: Similar situations were discovered in governments: child care, education, maternity leave
  lead to more women CEOs
7: Initial reason: competition for talent (fewer unqualified men CEOs) <->Subsequent reason: good publicity
8: Even though with the help of technological and cultural breakthroughs, women didn’t work at high level as often as menReason: bias that men were more suitable to be leaders
9: More women became CEOs after implementing gender-blind and quantifying decisions
10: Chain effects of CEO gender parity: improvements in diversityoutperformancesdiverse sensemore productive and profitable
11: Equal access to opportunity and power contributes to the more share of females CEOs
-总结文章中的生词
Plight 困境
Trickle-down effect 涓滴效应
Converge 汇聚
Ignite 点燃
Harassment 骚扰
Step up 加紧步伐
Impetus 动力
Hurdle 障碍
Arbiter 仲裁人
Knock-on effect 连锁效应
Stick out 坚持

P2
-总结文章中心大意
Two major issues on the structure of systems of cities
-总结分论点或每段段落大意
1: The first one: the efficiency of the urban system as a whole
  Divided theories:
①H suggests that urban systems should not be centrally-regularizedalready existed mechanisms, namely autonomous local governments/ the market with land developersbring urban systems reasonably close to efficiency
    ② Conservative Judgement about efficiency—(but)no detailed welfare analysis
Some clear policy prescriptions and less clear desirability of other policy actions
2: The second one: the composition of economic activity in individual cities.
  Both large and diversified cities and smaller and more specialized cities are needed
  main problem: greater risk for the latter
Three limited corresponding measures: ①policy(ignore important benefits)
                                  ②insurance(complacency)
                                  ③give local governments the power the restructure(involvement in excessively ambitious policies & failure to breed innovative clusters)
                                  ④encourage labor-force mobility(fears about lost regional identities)
-总结文章中的生词
Forego 居先
Robust 健康的

Yanting1

Policy implications and conclusions
阅读时间：6min
精度时间：10min
生词：无
段意：
Two main issues:
1: efficiency
Existing theory:
No central regulation  more efficient  Size and numbers of city    True
Local govern VS MKT   might distortion  higher efficiency
Another theory:
Distance matter
Things hinder the creation and develop, lower the efficiency
Intervention needs depend on the source of economies.

2: composition of eco activity
Specialization advantage: less crowding, stronger localization economies
            Disadvantage: less innovation, more risk
Limit specialization  forego present benefits
Alternative: insurance  costly, complacency
          Local government power  excessively ambitious eco develop policy
          Encourage labour-force mobility  fear of lost regional identities.

Radioshine

阅读时间：20min
精读时间：1h
总时间：1h30min

zcling

If 50% of CEOs were women
大意：区别当下领导性别特征，并说明女性与男性在领导位置抗衡 的可能性与给社会带来的优势
1；用一张招牌引入主题，区别只在于男女领导人数的不同
2；到2018年，各方面领导性别比例上，女性处于绝对劣势
3；突破女性劣势的手段1，quotas，利用口号反抗等非正式手段表明女性对于非公正权力的不满
4；强调政府在提高 女性权力方面的举措
5；在商业上的变化，天赋的战争，证实领导力不是男性特有的权力
6；做出预判，在技术和文化突破之后，女性可能还是不能像男性一样到达高位，原因在与长久的制度基础
7；为了突破，企业开始研究领导力特质，更多女性有机会到达高层领导位置
8；有两点需要注意；1女领导带领的公司比男性更出色；2领导层需要更广阔的多样性
main idea:2 issues about city sysytems stucture.
fist is efficiency;theories divided;H -without regulation;other--judgement--detailed welfare unclear;other policy actions desirability not clear.
second is composition of economic activity;ad+disad;all need;insurance;greater risk;local government power to restructure;labor- force mobility

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