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1. Assumption: E
P: the researchers tested the direct descendants of the residents of an English town where an unusually large proportion of people survived the Plague. More than half of these descendants tested positive for the mutation Delta-32, a figure nearly three times higher than that found in other locations.
C: certain people survived the epidemic because they carried a genetic mutation,known as Delta-32, that is known to prevent the bacteria that causes the Plague from overtaking the immune system
E 取反:瘟疫导致了基因突变, (而非基因突变使人们从瘟疫中存活) 削弱了结论
2. Assumption: E
P: The popular notion that a tree’s age can be determined by counting the number of internal rings in its trunk is generally true. However, to help regulate the internal temperature of the tree, the outermost layers of wood of the Brazilian ash often peel away when the temperature exceeds 95 degrees Fahrenheit, leaving the tree with fewer rings than it would otherwise have
C: only if the temperature in the Brazilian ash’s environment never exceeds 95 degrees Fahrenheit will its rings be a reliable measure of the tree’s age.
E 取反:当温度超过95飞轮海时丢失的年轮可以被预测。 削弱了结论 |
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