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20210414精读1: 【自然科学-生物】A tiny genetic alteration may have let vertebrates leave the sea (The Economist - 517字 短精读)
阅读开始:16:36
阅读结束:16:50
总结开始:17:08
总结结束:17:33
总计用时:40min
文章大意:
介绍水生动物进化到陆生动物的关键原因:单一基因改变
段落大意:
P1、现象:海洋的脊椎动物离开海洋
传统观点:需要多个基因突变的巧合
BW&KH&MH:单一基因改变
P2、实验研究:对斑马鱼进行基因微调,发现基因变异:pectoral fins bones变为6个而非4
P3、实验研究:另外两个骨头来自于一个蛋白质分子Wasl
P4、针对Wasl展开:先承认wasl和脊椎动物肢体形成过程无关➡️实验摧毁wasl➡️Wasl确实和四足动物肢体形成有关
P5、四足动物的祖先来自海洋,可能由于单一基因的改变使其爬上岸
生词摘录:
untapped adj 未开发的,未利用的
specimen n 样本
intriguingly. adv 有趣地
embryonic adj 早期的;胚胎期的
Devonian period 泥盆纪
anatomical adj.结构上的,解剖的
proto-leg 原始腿
fortuitous. adj.偶然发生的
propelled vt.推进,驱使,激励
tetrapods 四足动物
prolifically adj.丰富的,多产的
tweak n.拧,扭,焦急
vt.扭,拉,开⾜⻢⼒
pectoral adj.胸的,肺病的
n.胸饰,治疗胸肺的药物
ulna n.尺⻣
pertinent adj.有关的,相关的,中肯的
progenitor n.祖先,创始⼈,先驱
fibula n.腓⻣
tibia n.胫⻣
佳句摘录:
1- Intriguingly, the additional pairs were some distance from the body, and the bones involved lay parallel with each other in the way that the radius and ulna do in the forelimb of a tetrapod (see diagram).
2- Moreover, and yet more intriguingly, the two new bones integrated neatly with the fin’s muscles and articulated well with the rest of the local skeleton.
3- Most intriguingly of all, however, was that this considerable anatomical shift was brought about by the substitution in a single type of protein molecule, called Wasl, of a single one of its amino-acid building blocks.
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20210414精读1: 【自然科学-气候】 Milkweed( WSY -436 字 短精读)
阅读开始:18:00
阅读结束:18:06
总结开始:19:08
总结结束:19:29
总计用时:26min
文章大意:
通过研究milkweed、aphids、ants三者共生的结构,证明植物可以通过控制其他生物形成小生态圈
段落大意:
P1:引出:植物可以影响自己和周围其他物种之间的关系
P2:介绍milkweed、aphids、ants三者共生的研究
P3-P5:实验过程以及实验结果
K.M.:实验: 共生系统是否是以植物为基础
实验结果:证明了milkweed对平衡aphids、ants关系的重要性
实验结论:milkweed为了达到自身利益的最大化,会控制这两种昆虫的数量关系
实验目的:验证共生关系是否是个例,还是该种植物的普遍现象。
生词摘录:
aphid n.蚜虫
defecate vt. 澄清;除去污物 vi. 排便;澄清
involuntary defecation 无意识排便
mutualism n. [生态] 共栖,互利共生;互助论
mutualism effect
mutualism system
ripple effects 连锁反应
befuddle v. 使困惑,使迷惑
佳句摘录:
1- A plant is a plant is a plant.
2- It is "kind of a big deal” that plants are actually in control of the long-studied mutualism with ants and aphids.
3- The study “makes a connection that nobody has made before,’ for individual genetic differences and their ripple effects through a community promises to make sense of previously befuddling variation in community ecology.
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