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- 2020-9-23
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Passage#1
【Summary】Research of DepMap found treatments and laboratorial technology to fight cancer, but the success rate for developing new cancer drugs is still low.
【Main ideas】
- DepMap: aims to prescribe precision medicine tailored to the genetic and biochemical characteristics of individual patients
-First: to grow cancerous tissue in lab. The project was able to create more cancer cell lines by encouraging patient to donate biopsies of their tumors.
-Second: to find out weaknesses of these cells. The project found treatments, such as Tepoxalin and Disulfiram, to deal with specific cancers.
-They also found new technology, crispr-cas9, that is used as “an all-purpose DNA-cutting device”.
- Crispr-cas9 helps 1) to discover which genes are essential for a tumor’s survival and might therefore make promising targets for new drugs. And 2) to predict vulnerabilities in the genetic code.
-Although these results are encouraging, there is a long way to go. Because 1) Researchers should disable several genes at once to examine, which would be extensive amount of work, and 2)lab-grown cancer cells have different patterns of gene from those in bodies.
【Vocab】
oncology 肿瘤学
Biopsies 活组织检查
Arthritis 关节炎
Disulfiram -戒酒硫 a drug used to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to ethanol (drinking alcohol)
reliant依赖的;可靠的;信赖的
astronomical 天文学的;极大的
【Reading: 7min Notes: 30min】
Passage#2
【Summary】The passage introduces key elements and controversy of gene therapy
【Main ideas】
-Gene therapy is studied for use with wide range of diseases
-Key elements for a successful gene therapy strategy: 1) relevant gene is identified and cloned. 2) efficiency of gene transfer and gene expression. 3) sufficient understanding of the pathogenesis, side effect and more
-no one has yet been cured -> public controversy
-factors of controversy: 1) ordinary people may concern about the pitfall and uncertainty. 2) Biotechnology firms and gene therapists are overly optimistic about gene therapy. And 3) lack of study of human gene therapy.
【Vocab】
Phenotype表型,表现型;显型
Pertain 适用;从属
pathogenesis 发病原
Extravagant 浪费的;过度的
Proliferation 增殖,扩散
【Reading: 5min Notes: 15min】
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