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11#
 楼主| 发表于 2021-1-22 12:22:42 | 只看该作者
Day5 2021.01.22
【人文科学-文化种族】Review: Jim Crow's Offense

段意:
1 M的两个观点之一:奴隶制社会中的informal排斥和歧视进化成legally种族隔离。白人至上成为共识,立法则不再必要
2 M观点其二:race relations were not functions of class relations,举密西西比例子
3 三个stage:真没读懂。。。

词汇:
supremacy 至高无上
salient 显著的
pervasive 普遍的
edifice 复杂体系
hegemony 领导权
inevitable 不可避免的

摘抄:
First, he argues, the social relations of slavery gave way to an"informal code of exclusion and discrimination" (p. 5), which in turn evolved into legally mandated separation and disfranchisement.

时长:
3分17,弱弱地问一句,这篇难度是多少啊。。。
12#
 楼主| 发表于 2021-1-23 22:21:23 | 只看该作者
Day6 2021.01.23
【自然科学 - 生物】What really killed the dinosaurs?Lingering doubts about the cause of a mass extinction are put to rest

段意:
1 总所周知:陨石撞地球,导致环境恶化,恐龙灭绝
2 小众观点:行星撞地球,导致生态环境倒退。火山喷发,毒气和气温变化导致恐龙灭亡
3 引用论据,火山爆发≠恐龙灭绝,火山爆发的后续影响=恐龙灭亡
4 H研究三个例子
5 H结论,恐龙灭绝前温度已恢复原水平,小行星撞地球才是原因

词汇:
lingering 存留的
crater 陨石坑
coincided 同时发生

摘抄:
The effects of the giant waves created by the impact can be seen in places like Hell’s Creek, near Bowman, North Dakota, where marine creatures were swept far inland.

时长:
3分20,文章结构反驳再反驳,反复读才能看出两种观点的差别。。。
13#
 楼主| 发表于 2021-1-23 23:54:46 | 只看该作者
Day6 2021.01.23
【自然科学-天文】The search for dark matter in the recent majestic universe

段意:
1 暗物质不能是质子中子/包含质子中子
2 暗物质不能是中微子,太轻,太“热”,无法沉下来
3 移动慢的“冷”暗物质有可能,尽管有问题,但alternative hypothesis更重要
4 supersymmetry概念,更重的同种物质,不同性质
5 neutralino hypothesis 满足暗物质的所有要求

词汇:
primordial 原始的
prominent 重要的
sluggishly 缓慢地
postulates 假定
amalgam 汞合物

摘抄:
The current Standard Model of elementary particles contains no examples of particles that could serve as cold dark matter, but extensions of the Standard Model—developed for reasons quite separate from the needs of astronomy—offer many plausible candidates.

时长:
3分07
14#
 楼主| 发表于 2021-1-24 20:22:00 | 只看该作者
Day7 2021.01.24
【社会科学-医学】The rising prevalence of dementia is a global emergency:It requires more research, better provision for long-term care and changes in individual behaviour

段意:
1 痴呆很紧急,目前无治疗方法,无社会保障
2 痴呆的定义,发展迅速
3 照顾痴呆患者难:独生子女,疫情封闭,医院床位
4 痴呆可以预防,新药物/疗法即将获批,但只有少部分人收益
5 政府要recall社会痴呆的严重性,促进研究发展
6 政府要考虑痴呆患者的医疗费,日本例子
7 照顾痴呆患者的人力问题:科技可以替代基础工作,但需要人力(耐心,友善等),移民或许愿意
8 痴呆数据不齐,呼吁start working on them

词汇:
prevalence 流行
dementia 痴呆
provision 供给
ponderous 笨重的
devise 设计
witness 目击者
patchy 分布不均的
intractable 棘手的

摘抄:
Japan’s compulsory long-term-care insurance scheme, requiring everyone aged 40-65 to pay a premium, seems attractive, as it avoids penalising the young.

时长:
5分17
15#
 楼主| 发表于 2021-1-24 21:47:54 | 只看该作者
Day7 2021.01.24
【社会科学-企业】Did Tough Antitrust Enforcement Cause the Diversification of American Corporations?

段意:
1 提出问题,什么导致了企业多元化
2 提出解释:反垄断假设
3 具体解释反垄断导致多元化:无法本国合并,只能寻求国外发展
4 过渡,反垄断法有支持也有反对
5 反对:如果反垄断法是原因,则大公司更多元化,但研究显示大小公司同样多元化
6 反对:其他国家无反垄断法,也经历了公司多元化,则多元化与反垄断法无关
7 反对:内因,西方经济整体向多元化发展
8 UK例子:尽管政府更支持垄断,企业也更加多元化
9 加拿大例子

词汇:
venerable 古老的
substantially 可观地
conglomerate 集团公司

摘抄:
It seems too much to conclude that antitrust played no role whatsoever—surely it was a factor in some decisions—but the evidence suggests that the primary cause of corporate diversification lies elsewhere.

时长:
5分19
16#
 楼主| 发表于 2021-1-25 16:27:02 | 只看该作者
Day8 2021.01.25
【人文科学-影视】Does it matter if “The Crown” fictionalises reality?It is more truthful than the story the royals sold

段意:
1 政府认为电视剧诋毁皇室
2 以真人为素材的剧本都涉及虚构,以此吸引观众注意
3 具体例子,fiction harm monarchy
4 反驳3段,王室利益不会轻易被影响,名人可以上诉
5 电视剧假的,官方给的故事也是假的
6 政府应更关注政治而非八卦电视剧

词汇:
snubbed 冷落
humiliated 羞辱
traduced 诋毁
vulnerable 脆弱的
pretending 假装
estranged 疏远的
purveyor 供应者
intervention 干涉
veracity 真实

摘抄:
If they feel strongly enough about it, they can sue; but Netflix’s lawyers are probably not sitting by the phone. 很有画面感的句子

Since a government wedded to free speech is unlikely to haul Netflix’s chief executive to the Tower of London for ignoring Mr Dowden, the intervention should be read as mere virtue-signalling to conservative Britons.

时长:
3分39,生词有点多,语言有些抽象
17#
 楼主| 发表于 2021-1-25 18:38:38 | 只看该作者
Day8 2021.01.25
【人文科学-艺术】Anna Wetherill Olmsted and the Ceramic National exhibitions in 1930s USA

段意:
1 AO名声时好时坏,AO名声最好时,R/O说了一段话(没太理解前后关系)
2 AO名声下降,原因一:主流社会支持有创意的个人陶艺家,AO则是组织者
3 AO个人对展会的影响
4 AO影响了世人对美国陶瓷的看法

词汇:
waned 衰弱
zeal 狂热
lucrative 赚大钱的
curator 馆长
epitomized 成为典范
blurring 使模糊
dissemination 传播

摘抄:
These made much of the influence of Robineau and the zeal of Olmsted, but they stressed, in particular, the extraordinary status of American ceramics abroad, attributing this to the influence of the Ceramic National exhibitions, of which it was said ‘none in the world [exhibitions] can compete with its prestige.’

These people were creative and artistic, part of a lucrative international art market supported, in turn, by specialist, private and public galleries and museums

时长:
2分20,第一遍真没读懂,长难句很多
18#
 楼主| 发表于 2021-1-26 16:17:37 | 只看该作者
Day9 2021.01.26
【自然科学-气候】Using satellites to spot industry’s methane leaks:To help combat climate change

段意:
1 卫星探测到了甲烷遗漏,由此可知卫星可用来探测温室气体,且温室气体遗漏被低估
2 解释concern原因:甲烷更吸热,导致全球变暖
3 数据表明,T国的甲烷泄露很严重,超过美国AC公司的量
4 例子,B镇的甲烷遗漏也很严重
5 卫星上装光学仪器可以探测甲烷/其他温室气体,解释原理
6 “nanosat”可以准确定点甲烷泄露位置,ghgsat打算再搞俩
7 卫星监测更靠谱,推出监测地图服务
8 其他甲烷监测卫星也将推出,更精确,且免费
9 监测甲烷泄露很有必要,甲烷有商业价值,帮企业拿绿标

词汇:
plume 股,一缕
linger 留存
potent 迅速见效的
notorious 臭名昭著的
reckoned 认为
blowout 喷井
mounted 骑马的
extensive 广阔的
burnish 擦亮
credentials 资格

摘抄:
Although Donald Trump has proposed rolling back Obama-era requirements for oil and gas companies to detect and fix methane leaks, the gas has commercial value so it does not make business sense to waste it.

时长:
4分20
19#
 楼主| 发表于 2021-1-26 16:47:25 | 只看该作者
Day9 2021.01.26
【自然科学-地质】Radiocarbon Dating by Accelerator MassSpectrometry

段意:
1 放射碳测年代超过一定年份就不准,AMS可以拓宽下线
2 样本污染导致放射碳测量误差极大,难以避免,此外还有背景导致的数据偏差
3 加速器测量无以上两种问题,且更精确
4 AMS用以解决学术争端:人类迁徙时间
5 AMS测定N种人消失时间:比预想的时间久

词汇:
conventional 墨守成规的
threshold 门槛
skew 歪曲
stringent 严格的
ambient 周围的
collagen 胶原蛋白
controversy 争论
invaluable 无价的
unduly 过度地

摘抄:
One controversy of long standing on which the new dating technique has already had a major impact concerns the  first human migrations to the New World.

Although it is too early to be sure, dating by accelerator mass spectrometry may reveal that the Upper Paleolithic and  the period preceding it, the Middle Paleolithic, were unduly compressed by  the limitations of conventional dating  methods. 这句话读了好几遍才看懂最后半句的主语

时长:
2分46
20#
 楼主| 发表于 2021-1-28 13:58:43 | 只看该作者
Day10 2021.01.27
【社会科学-商业】The eyes have it:A new book reveals the excessive attention paid to how executives look

段意:
1 人类本能地认为公司头头都是西装革履的样子
2 例子,穿着/名车会影响人类的行为
3 实验,人类更尊敬权贵
4 外貌或许会影响他人对一个人能力的评估
5 外貌特点:身高,高=领导,挣得多
6 外貌特点:脸型,方=more bonus
7 入门职务,样貌有吸引力:CV贴照片面试几率↑,平平无奇:CV贴照片面试几率男>女
8 公司阶段和选人的外貌偏见:公司好=平和者,公司危机=霸道总裁,公司快凉了=jerk
9 halo效应,董事会认为,员工非好即差,单方面好=全能好
10 主观审美不同,提倡AI无差别审核

词汇:
instinctively 本能地
pedestrians 行人
possession 财产
competence 能力
disentangle 解开,使摆脱
deemed 认为
ruthless 无情的
embodied 象征
decisiveness 果断

摘抄:
Things are worse for the fairer sex. When photos were included, male jobseekers deemed unattractive were contacted 26% of the time, compared with 7% in the case of unattractive women.

时长:
4分54
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