ChaseDream
搜索
返回列表 发新帖
楼主: 小白斩鸡

【每日逻辑训练营】(第一天)

[复制链接]
发表于 2020-8-31 21:25:15 | 显示全部楼层
答案BCACE, EACCD
1.        时间2‘40
       逻辑链:因为技术很快会被超越,所以公司应该在还可以赚取最大利润的时候定最高的价格. 但因为赚取大量的利润会使竞争者眼红从而推出新品,所以公司不应定价太高
A. 没有被criticize也不是course of action
B. 解释了为什么要定价高这个strategy,第二部分提出了对这个strategy的质疑
C. 第二黑脸部分没有质疑黑脸一
D. 黑脸二不支持黑脸一
E. 黑脸一没有说strategy不work。黑脸二也没有解释strategy
2.        时间2’20
逻辑链: 因为退休搬去Florida的百分比减少,而当地商业又迎合退休的人,所以百分比下降导致经济变差
A. 虽然与其他州相比吸引更多人,不代表经济不会变差
B. 从Florida搬去别州的人数在过去十年间增长,与Florida经济无关
C. 迎合旅游的比退休的要多,所以经济没有变差
D. 去别州的人增加了,无法weaken经济变差
E. 离开Florida的人变多,无法weaken经济变差
3.        时间1‘46
逻辑链: 缺少V-a对孩子不好,红薯SPK004有大量胡萝卜素可转化为V-a
A. 现在的土壤环境适合SPK004生长
B. 004和别的红薯不同,无法support
C. 没有别的胡罗素比004含的更多
D. 现在的红薯有004缺少的营养,weaken
E. 其余蔬菜有更多胡萝卜素,与其余蔬菜无关。
4.        时间2’08
逻辑链: bone flute可以play notes在西方音乐里。由此可见在被西方音乐家接受的 千年前就有人在用musical scale了
A.        Bone flute是N做的唯一的乐器
B.        没有乐器比在N找到的笛子更早
C.        笛子是用cave-bear bone做的,洞穴里还有cave bear的骨架,选C
D.        Flute是最简单的wind乐器,无关
E.        Cave bear leg bone够长, 无关
5.        时间1‘49
逻辑链: 宣传presicription的药物不合法。Proposed law要推翻这个法律。反对者认为人们不懂药物,会问医生要不对症的药。但因为医生最终决定给病人的药,所以反对者无需担心
A. nonprescription药物会让prescrition的药物无法reach到大众,无关
B. 被宣传的药物是否是新药,无关
C. 药物是否在电视上宣传,无关
D. 医生会更关心面向给大众的药物,无关
E. 医生会屈服于患者的压力给prescribe不合适的药物
6.        时间1’48
逻辑链: 不是没有保险的患者受到不公平的医疗待遇,而是有保险的患者做很多无用检查。
A. 不是city official的argument,第二个也不是support
B. 第一个不是support也不是city official argument
C. 第一不是support 结论而是结论,第二city official没有反对
D. 第一不是support 结论而是结论
E. city official反对无保险患者受到不公平待遇这一说法,第二为结论
        7.  时间 2‘13
        逻辑链: 两种wheat是同样的利润,但因灌溉限制,冬天的wheat产出会比原来少。所以应该种春天的wheat利润会更高。
        A. 即便冬天的定价高,却也无法弥补其太小的size
        B. 春天的wheat要比冬天的种的早,weaken
        C. spring的更好的适应土壤,无法解释利润高
        D. spring的和winter的用处不同,无法解释利润高
        E. 种植春天的比其他的利润高,错误,引出无关项
          8.  时间 2‘34
        逻辑链: 用仪器除草比人工除草所花费的人力花销少
A.        杂草之间的深浅也有不同,无关
B.        有些植物随着生长深浅不同,无关
C.        人工除草要分辨叶子形状去区别农作物和草,选C?
D.        Genetic manipulation让植物有不同深浅颜色,无关
E.        不需要除草后,负责除草的Laborers有其他的duty需要做
           9.  时间1’57
        逻辑链: 因为大雨不能种玉米,只能种大豆。但是即使大豆价格高也没有全种满,留了很多空隙
        A. 大量雨使玉米价格升高,无关
        B. farmers预测会financial losses因为大雨
        C. 原来玉米地里的化学成分阻碍大豆生长
        D. farmers不管大雨也要种植玉米,无关
        E. farmers种植玉米和大豆,无关
          10. 时间 1‘40
        逻辑链: 新推出喷鼻子的疫苗给小孩,但因小孩极少得流感并发症,所以小孩接不接种对public health无大的好处
        A. 那些注射过的疫苗人也可接受喷鼻疫苗,与public health无关
        B. 新疫苗和旧疫苗的mechanism相同
        C. 成人都付得起注射疫苗,无关
        D. 成人不会被得了流感的小孩传染,(影响public health
        E. 喷鼻疫苗对成人用处最大
发表于 2020-8-31 21:27:47 | 显示全部楼层
1-1
用时:2’20
逻辑链:
P: large profits on the mew product will give competitors a strong incentive to quickly match the mew product’s capabilities.
C: the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price.
A.        二不是行动
B.        对
C.        二不是质疑一这个assumption
D.        一中的strategy不是argument endorse的
E.        二不是在解释appeal

1-2
用时:1‘58
逻辑链:
P:percentage who retired to Florida↓ 且many local businesses in Florida cater to retirees
C:decline is likely to have a noticeably negative economic effect on these businesses
A.        和其他state的比较,无关
B.        Out of Florida的,无关
C.        问的是能否影响针对退休的business,这里提到旅游,无关比较
D.        对,总数增加的话,百分比下降也不代表人数少了
E.        讲退休后离开Florida的人,无关

1-3
用时:2‘05
P:sweet potato is a staple of the region’s diet and agriculture, and the varieties currently grown contain little beta-carotene.
C:SPK004 will success
A:对
B:长得不一样不影响它的效果
C:就算有更丰富的也没关系,不影响效果
D:削弱
E:没提到SPK004,无关

1-4
用时:2‘01
P:Neanderthal campsite发现了third through sixth diatonic scale,西方音乐家7scale
C: diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians
A.        无关比较
B.        无关比较
C.        材料不能证明
D.        无关,没提到N
E.        对,至少要有足够弹7scale的长度

1-5
用时:2‘45
P:支持者:laypersons lack the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications.  C:since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, the objection provides no grounds for concern.
A.        比较非处方药,无关
B.        无关
C.        广告方式,无关
D.        医师更关注哪种广告,无关
E.        对,取正取反会带来相反结果

1-6
用时:1‘29
A.        二不是支持一
B.        一不是official的观点
C.        对
D.        二不是provide support
E.        二不是conclusion,是position

1-7
用时:1‘56
P:限水→winter量少
C: 种spring wheat更划算
A.        对,解释了为什么winter不划算
B.        无关
C.        Spring的优势不能解释为什么winter就一定不profitable
D.        用途和营利性无关
E.        无关比较

1-8
用时:2‘17
P:机器用颜色除草
C: 减少人工
A.        草之间颜色的区别,无关
B.        颜色变化,无关
C.        说明颜色和大小的确是区分草和农作物的依据,对
D.        无关
E.        其他农活,无关

1-9
用时:0‘36
A.        corn涨价了应该种corn而不是空着
B.        无法解释为什么把地空着
C.        可以解释,对
D.        那为什么不种corn呢?错
E.        无法解释

1-10
用时:0‘55
P:小孩并发症比大人少
C: 鼻腔喷雾没有很大意义
ABC的安全性、机制、价格都和health benefit无关
D对
E无关比较
发表于 2020-8-31 21:41:25 | 显示全部楼层
Day1

1-1 A product that represents a clear technological advance over competing products can generally command a high price.  Because technological advances tend to be quickly surpassed and companies want to make large profits while they still can, many companies charge the greatest price the market will bear when they have such a product.  But large profits on the mew product will give competitors a strong incentive to quickly match the mew product’s capabilities.  Consequently, the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price.
In the argument above, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A.        The first is an assumption that forms the basis for a course of action that the argument criticizes; the second presents the course of action endorsed by the argument.
B.        The first is a consideration raised to explain the appeal of a certain strategy; the second is a consideration raised to call into question the wisdom of adopting that strategy.
C.        The first is an assumption that has been used to justify a certain strategy; the second is a consideration that is used to cast doubt on that assumption.
D.        The first is a consideration raised in support of a strategy the argument endorses; the second presents grounds in support of that consideration.
E.        The first is a consideration raised to show that adopting a certain strategy is unlikely to achieve the intended effect; the second is presented to explain the appeal of that strategy.

时间:1‘45
逻辑链:Premise:large profits on the mew product will give competitors a strong incentive to quickly match the mew product’s capabilities.
Conclusion:the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price..
Logic: 新技术容易被超过(中间结论前提)->定最高价(中间结论,最重结论反对)->最重结论前提->最重结论
选项:
A. 前半句对,后半句没有表现出course,是consequently之后表现出的course,
B.正确。
C.后半句不是质疑assumption,assumption是没问题,assumption推出的结论有问题。
D.后半句不是支持that consideration。
E.前半句不对,不是unlikely;后半句也不对,不是解释that strategy


1-2 In the United States, of the people who moved from one state to another when they retired, the percentage who retired to Florida has decreased by three percentage points over the past ten years.  Since many local businesses in Florida cater to retirees, this decline is likely to have a noticeably negative economic effect on these businesses.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?
A.        Florida attracts more people who move from one state to another when they retire than does any other state.
B.        The number of people who move out of Florida to accept employment in other states has increased over the past ten years.
C.        There are far more local businesses in Florida that cater to tourists than there are local businesses that cater to retirees.
D.        The total number of people who retired and moved to another state for their retirement has increased significantly over the past ten years.
E.        The number of people who left Florida when they retired to live in another state was greater last year than it was ten years ago.

时间:1‘10
逻辑链:Premise:移民比例减少
Conclusion:对经济负影响.
Logic: 移民比例减少->移民总量减少->经济依赖移民 ->经济负影响(比率和总量混淆概念)
选项:
A.无关比较
B.无关比较
C.无关比较
D.正确
E.无关比较

1-3 In parts of South America, vitamin-A deficiency is a serious health problem, especially among children.  In one region, agriculturists are attempting to improve nutrition by encouraging farmers to plant a new variety of sweet potato called SPK004 that is rich in beta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A.  The plan has good chances of success, since sweet potato is a staple of the region’s diet and agriculture, and the varieties currently grown contain little beta-carotene.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that the plan will succeed?
A.        The growing conditions required by the varieties of sweet potato currently cultivated in the region are conditions in which SPK004 can flourish.
B.        The flesh of SPK004 differs from that of the currently cultivated sweet potatoes in color and texture, so traditional foods would look somewhat different when prepared from SPK004.
C.        There are no other varieties of sweet potato that are significantly richer in beta-carotene than SPK004 is.
D.        The varieties of sweet potato currently cultivated in the region contain some important nutrients that are lacking in SPK004.
E.        There are other vegetables currently grown in the region that contain more beta-carotene than the currently cultivated varieties of sweet potato do.

时间:1’20
逻辑链:Premise:since sweet potato is a staple of the region’s diet and agriculture, and the varieties currently grown contain little beta-carotene.
Conclusion:很能成功
Logic: vitamin-A deficiency -> SPK004 -> since sweet potato is a staple of the region’s diet and agriculture, and the varieties currently grown contain little beta-carotene.-> 很能成功
选项:
A. 正确
B. 不知道会有什么影响
C. 无关比较
D. 说课spk004缺点,削弱
E.无关比较



1-4 The spacing of the four holes on a fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite is just what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale—the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since the Renaissance.  Musicologists therefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis?

A.        Bone flutes were probably the only musical instrument made by Neanderthals.
B.        No musical instrument that is known to have used a diatomic scale is of an earlier date than the flute found at the Neanderthal campsite.
C.        The flute was made from a cave-bear bone and the campsite at which the flute fragment was excavated was in a cave that also contained skeletal remains of cave bears.
D.        Flutes are the simplest wind instrument that can be constructed to allow playing a diatonic scale.
E.        The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale.

时间:1‘40
逻辑链:Premise:4 holes is what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale
Conclusion:the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.
Logic: Neanderthal campsite 4 holes -> play 3-6-> 7note的应用-> diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.
选项:
A. 无关
B. 无关,讨论全音阶是不是被西方音乐家采纳和有没有更老的乐器能吹全音阶无关
C. 描述发掘情况,无关
D. 描述笛子的功能,无关
E.正确,提供了熊腿骨更可能是flute的证据,加强了4孔碎片的骨笛的原型是能吹7孔的笛子,从而使得hypothesize更有依据

1-5 It is illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except in professional medical journals or by mail directly to physicians.  A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications.  Opponents object that, in general, laypersons lack the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications.  But since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, the objection provides no grounds for concern.

Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?

A.        Whether nonprescription medications can interact with and block the action of any prescription medications that could be advertised to the general public
B.        Whether most prescription medication advertisements directed at the general public would be advertisements for recently developed medications newly available by prescription
C.        Whether prescription medication advertisements directed at the general public would appear on television and radio as well as in print
D.        Whether physicians are more likely to pay attention to advertising directed to the general public than to advertising directed to physicians
E.        Whether physicians are likely to succumb to pressure from patients to prescribe inappropriate medications

时间:1‘30
逻辑链:Premise:since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient
Conclusion:the objection provides no grounds for concern
Logic: 医生有决定权-> 反对无效
选项:
A. 讨论广告内容,无关
B. 讨论广告内容,无关
C. 讨论广告形式,无关
D. 无关比较
E.正确,如果屈服,削弱,如果不屈服加强

1-6 City Official:  At City Hospital, uninsured patients tend to have shorter stays and fewer procedures performed than do insured patients, even though insured patients, on average, have slightly less serious medical problems at the time of admission to the hospital than uninsured patients have.  Critics of the hospital have concluded that the uninsured patients are not receiving proper medical care.  However, this conclusion is almost certainly false.  Careful investigation has recently shown two things:  insured patients have much longer stays in the hospital than necessary, and they tend to have more procedures performed than are medically necessary.
In the city official’s argument, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles?

A.        The first states the conclusion of the city official’s argument; the second provides support for that conclusion.
B.        The first is used to support the conclusion of the city official’s argument; the second states that conclusion.
C.        The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second states the position that the city official’s argument opposes.
D.        The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second provides support for the conclusion of the city official’s argument.
E.        The first states the position that the city official’s argument opposes; the second states the conclusion of the city official’s argument.

时间:1‘20
逻辑链:Premise:insured patients have much longer stays in the hospital than necessary, and they tend to have more procedures performed than are medically necessary
Conclusion:this conclusion is almost certainly false.
Logic: 没保险治疗时间短(中间结论的前提)->没保险的没得到好治疗(中间结论) ->结论1错了(结论) ->前提
选项:
A. 前半句错了,不是官员结论,是官员反对结论;前后结论是转折,不是支持
B. 前半句不是支持,后半句也不是描述前半句结论
C. 前半句是结论不是支持结论
D. 前半句是结论不是支持结论,后半句是结论不是支持结论
E. 对,

1-7 Which of the following most logically completes the argument below?
Davison River farmers are currently deciding between planting winter wheat this fall or spring wheat next spring.  Winter wheat and spring wheat are usually about equally profitable.  Because of new government restrictions on the use of Davison River water for irrigation, per acre yields for winter wheat, though not for spring wheat, would be much lower than average.  Therefore, planting spring wheat will be more profitable than planting winter wheat, since‗‗‗‗‗‗.

A.        the smaller-than-average size of a winter wheat harvest this year would not be compensated for by higher winter wheat prices
B.        new crops of spring wheat must be planted earlier than the time at which standing crops of winter wheat are ready to be harvested
C.        the spring wheat that farmers in the Davison River region plant is well adapted to the soil of the region
D.        spring wheat has uses that are different from those of winter wheat
E.        planting spring wheat is more profitable than planting certain other crops, such as rye
   

时间:1‘40
逻辑链:Premise:需要填出
Conclusion:春小麦利润高
Logic:填出(找个春小麦好处或者冬小麦坏处) ->春小麦利润高
选项:
A. 对
B. 春小麦坏处,反了
C. 无关
D. 无关
E. 无关比较


1-8 (support 变体 题)A company plans to develop a prototype weeding machine that uses cutting blades with optical sensors and microprocessors that distinguish weeds from crop plants by differences in shade of color.  The inventor of the machine claims that it will reduce labor costs by virtually eliminating the need for manual weeding.
Which of the following is a consideration in favor of the company’s implementing its plan to develop the prototype?


A.        There is a considerable degree of variation in shade of color between weeds of different species.
B.        The shade of color of some plants tends to change appreciably over the course of their growing season.
C.        When crops are weeded manually, overall size and leaf shape are taken into account in distinguishing crop plants from weeds.
D.        Selection and genetic manipulation allow plants of virtually any species to be economically bred to have a distinctive shade of color without altering their other characteristics.
E.        Farm laborers who are responsible for the manual weeding of crops carry out other agricultural duties at times in the growing season when extensive weeding is not necessary.

时间:1‘52
逻辑链:Premise:A company plans to develop a prototype weeding machine that uses cutting blades with optical sensors and microprocessors that distinguish weeds from crop plants by differences in shade of color.
Conclusion:it will reduce labor costs by virtually eliminating the need for manual weeding.
Logic: 技术变革->减少人工(找技术变革优点,排除缺点)
选项:
A. 给技术提供更多困难,削弱
B. 给技术提供更多困难,削弱
C. 技术容易实现,正确
D. 强调人工优点,削弱
E.强调人工优点 削弱

1-9 Which of the following most logically completes the passage below?
Heavy rains during Centralia’s corn planting season prevented some farmers there from planting corn.  It is now the planting season for soybeans, another of Centralia’s principal crops, and those fields originally intended for corn are dry enough for planting.  Nonetheless, even though soybean prices are unusually high at present, the farmers will leave most of these fields empty rather than plant them with soybeans, since ‗‗‗‗‗‗.

A.        the extensive rains have led to an increase in the price of corn
B.        some Centralian farmers anticipate serious financial losses due to the extremely wet spring planting season
C.        chemicals that were used to prepare the fields for corn planting would stunt the growth of soybeans
D.        the majority of Centralia’s corn farmers were able to plant corn as they had intended, despite the wet planting season
E.        many Centralian farmers grow both corn and soybeans

时间:
逻辑链:Premise:填
Conclusion:leave most of these fields empty rather than plant them with soybeans
Logic: 有明显好处却不做,找一个这个方法的缺点
选项:
A. 与种豆子无关
B. 与种豆子无关
C. 指出缺点,正确
D. 与种豆子无关
E. 与种豆子无关

1-10 Until mow, only injectable vaccines against influenza have been available.  Parents are reluctant to subject children to the pain of injections, but adults, who are at risk of serious complications from influenza, are commonly vaccinated.  A new influenza vaccine, administered painlessly in a nasal spray, is effective for children.  However, since children seldom develop serious complications from influenza, no significant public health benefit would result from widespread vaccination of children using the nasal spray.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

A.        Any person who has received the injectable vaccine can safely receive the nasal-spray vaccine as well.
B.        The new vaccine uses the same mechanism to ward off influenza as jnjectable vaccines do.
C.        The injectable vaccine is affordable for all adults.
D.        Adults do not contract influenza primarily from children who have influenza.
E.        The nasal spray vaccine is mot effective when administered to adults.

时间:1‘20
逻辑链:Premise:children seldom develop serious complications from influenza
Conclusion:no significant public health benefit would result from widespread vaccination of children using the nasal spray
Logic: 小孩没有严重并发症-> 小孩用鼻喷不会有显著的公共健康益处(概念变化,小孩健康和公共健康)
选项:
A. 无关
B. 无关比较
C. 无关
D. 如果回答是,加强,如果不是,削弱,正确
E.无关
发表于 2020-8-31 21:56:18 | 显示全部楼层
1-1
        时间:2’15
        逻辑链:
Background:A product that represents a clear technological advance over competing products can generally command a high price.
正方P:Because technological advances tend to be quickly surpassed and companies want to make large profits while they still can.
正方C:many companies charge the greatest price the market will bear when they have such a product.
反方P:large profits on the mew product will give competitors a strong incentive to quickly match the mew product’s capabilities
反方C:the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price.
        选项:
A:第一句不是assumption,而是原因。第二句不是course of action。
B:√第一句是支持某种策略的原因。第二句是质疑前面提出的策略的原因。
C:第一句不是assumption。第二句作为原因的目的不是质疑第一句assumption,而是为了质疑反驳正方策略。
D:第一句的原因不是为了支持反方,而是支持正方C,方向错。第二句是支持反方C而不是正方P。
E:两个方向反了。

1-2
        时间:1’40
        逻辑链:
P: ①the percentage who retired to Florida has decreased by three percentage points over the past ten years. ②many local businesses in Florida cater to retirees
C: this decline is likely to have a noticeably negative economic effect on these businesses.
削弱目标:decline并不一定对这些商业有很大的负面影响
        选项:
A:与其他州吸引人数的对比无关
B:与搬离F州接受其他州工作的人数无关
C:讨论的是decline对cater to retirees的business的影响,和cater to tourists的无关
D:√整体基数同时发生了巨大的增加,降低了decline产生巨大负面影响的可能性
E:与离开F州去其他州养老的数据变化无关

1-3
        时间:1’45
        逻辑链:
P: ①a new variety of sweet potato called SPK004 that is rich in beta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A.②sweet potato is a staple of the region’s diet and agriculture
C: The plan has good chances of success
加强目标:种富有beta胡萝卜素的SPK004可以解决当地孩子VA缺乏的健康问题。
        选项:
A:√手段本身可行性高。加强plan成立可能性
B:果实外貌的差别和plan的实现无关
C:就事论事,无关有没有更好的方案
D:削弱。方向反了
E:就事论事,无关有没有更好的方案

1-4
        时间:2’30
        逻辑链:
P: The spacing of the four holes on a fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite is just what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale—the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since the Renaissance.
C: the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.
        选项:
A:与是不是唯一的乐器无关
B:没有别的乐器使用时间早于flute,并没有解释bone flute使用早于被WM使用。
C:未填补gap,
D:无关,未填补gap
E:√洞穴熊的腿骨long enough,所以可以演奏全音阶,填补gap

1-5
        时间:2’20
        逻辑链:
Background:除了直接刊登在专业医学杂志或者直邮给医生的处方药广告,其他途径的处方药广告在H城都是非法的。目前要颁布法律允许处方药的全面广告。
反方P: 常人缺乏评估药效的专业知识,可能会让医生开inappropriate medications
反方C: 反对处方药全面广告的提案
正方P:医生有最终开处方药的决定权,不会有造成inappropriate medications
正方C:支持该提案
评价题:削弱/加强
        选项:
A:与非处方药无关
B:无关,直接面对大众的处方药广告将会是为了最近开发出可使用的处方药的广告?
C:已说是全面广告,和渠道途径的细分无关
D:与医生更多的关注点在哪无关
E:√医生虽然有开处方药的决定权,但能不能坚守判断,不屈服于病人给的压力而开药是评判的核心。

1-6
        时间:1’30
        逻辑链:
Background: 即使无保病人比有保病人有更严重的问题,但无保病人留院时间短、诊断流程少。
反Critics: 无保病人没有接受足够恰当的医学护理。
正City Official:Critics的结论错。无保病人接受恰当的医学护理
        选项:
A:第一句是反方criticis的结论,不是正方结论。第二句也是C而不是P。
B:第一和第二句非同向,是对立观点。
C:第一句是C不是P。第二句是city official的观点。
D:第一句是C不是P。第二句是C不是P
E:√

1-7
        时间:2’00
        逻辑链:
P: ①由于政府限制冬麦使用河水灌溉,冬麦每亩产量低于平均值。但未对春麦有限制。②冬麦春麦赚的差不多
C: 种春麦比种冬麦利润多
        选项:
A:√收入=单价*产量,更高的单价也无法覆盖低产量所造成收入的减少。合理解释。
B:与种植时间无关
C:与春麦是否适应土壤无关
D:无关
E:无关比较

1-8
        时间:2’00
        逻辑链:
P: 刀片有光感器和微型处理器,可以通过颜色区别杂草和植物
C: 除草机可以节省人力
        选项:
A:无关/削弱。除草机工作难度很大。
B:削弱。颜色不停改变对于除草机判断工作不利。
C:讨论除草机有效性,与人工除草的细节无关
D:√筛选和基因干预使作物有很明显的颜色区分,以便除草机工作。手段可行性高。
E:无关

1-9
        时间:1’40
        逻辑链:
P: ①玉米种植季下大雨,无法中玉米。②目前是种大豆的季节,原先种玉米目前干湿度事宜种植
C: 即使目前大豆价格高,农民宁可空地也不种大豆。
矛盾解释
        选项:
A:未解释
B:some不能代表所有。无关未解释
C:√因为原先准备种植玉米而喷洒的化学物质的土壤会阻碍大豆生长。
D:部分不能代表整体。无关
E:无关

1-10
        时间:2’10
        逻辑链:
P: ①成人因为极其容易患流感并发症,所以普遍接种此疫苗②孩子很少有流感并发症
C:普及ns疫苗对公共健康没有好处
假设取反目标:虽然孩子很少有并发症,但普及孩子的nasal spray疫苗对公共健康有很大好处。
        选项:
A:无关接受度。
B:无关疫苗本身的细节
C:无关价格
D:√成年人是从患流感的孩子那里传染患病的,所以接种疫苗很有必要。
E:无关比较
发表于 2020-8-31 22:11:05 | 显示全部楼层
1-1
1'46
逻辑链:第一句前有becaue,因此推断表明的是某个策略的原因,第二句前有but,体现的是转折关系,说明此处肯定是在驳斥前方的某个策略,后面还有个consequently,可以推测出此后是一个新的策略,那么con之前就是这个新策略的原因
a:第二句并不是一个动作,而是动机
b:正确 第一句是为了解释某种现象的原因,第二句是为了驳斥此策略
c:第二句并不是用来驳斥第一句的
d:第二句于第一句并不是支持关系,而且第一句所服务的策略也不是本文所支持的
e:第一句并不是说明此策略不能达到意向的结果,而是阐述此策略的原因
1-2
2‘32
逻辑链:前提:过去十年退休迁去f的比例减少了,而f这个地方很多企业都是为养老群体而办
结论:因此f地区的这些企业会受到不好的影响
答案:c
a:f比起其他地方能吸引更多的退休人士迁居,这跟比例下降进而影响经济无关
b:文章讲的是退休,跟入职无关
c:旅游业与养老业之间的对比无关
d:讲的是相关的信息,人们退休迁居的总数增加了,则分母变大
e:去年退休离开f的人数怎么样是无关信息
1-3
1’32
选a
逻辑链:
前提:在sa,缺维他命a比较严重,因此农学家尝试鼓励种植一种新型s土豆,富含b,而人体又可以将b转化为维他命a
结论:此计划有很大希望成功,因为在这个地区土豆是主食,且现在种的土豆几乎没有b
a:现在土豆的生长环境很适合新型土豆s,说明此计划可行,正确
b;新土豆的果肉和老土豆不一样,无关
c:没有比新土豆s更富含b的土豆了,这和新土豆是否有用没关系
d:老土豆有新土豆缺乏的一些其他营养物,而此文主要探讨的是维他命a,属无关
e:有其他蔬菜比老土豆含有更多的b,这和新土豆是否有效无关
1-4
3‘51
逻辑链:
前提:在N挖出来的骨制长笛能够吹奏六音阶的第三个单音,而七音阶是从文艺复兴开始被西方音乐所用的
结论:因此音乐家们推测全音阶在被西方音乐家们用之前的几千年就已经在发展和使用
答案:
a:骨制长笛是n制造的唯一乐器属于无关信息
b:没有其他能使用全音阶的乐器比它更早,支持了原文假设
c:长笛是用熊骨制成,在它被挖出来的山洞也有熊骨残留,但这跟时间早晚没有关联
d:长笛是能吹奏全音阶的最简易乐器,无关
e:熊骨足够长能制成长笛且使它能演奏全音阶,这与时间早晚无关联
1-5
1‘30
逻辑链:
前提:法律将允许处方药的广告,反对者称对于缺乏专业知识的群众可能会让医生开不合适的药给自己。但是医生有是否开药的最终决定权
结论:因此反对者的担心是没有必要的
答案:e
a:非处方药是否对处方药产生影响与问题无关
b:是否大部分医药广告针对的都是最近新开发的药物属于无关信息
c:广告的形式无关
d:医生会关心哪种广告无关
e:是否医生会屈服病人而开具不合适的药物是相关的信息
1-6
1‘19
逻辑链:第一句前有个concluded,因此第一句应该是个结论,排除bcd,第二句前有转折词however,说明第一二句的立场是相反的,因此排除a
答案:e
a:第二句与第一句是相反的立场,所以错
bcd:第一句不是用来支持结论的,第一句本身就是结论
e:第一句是结论,而这个结论是被本文作者反对的,第二句阐述了作者的结论
1-7
1’39
逻辑链: 前提:冬小麦和春小麦有同等的盈利能力,然而政府限制了对冬小麦的灌溉,导致冬小麦产量比均值更低,
结论:因此种植春小麦比冬小麦更能获利
答案:a
a:冬小麦产量少,这一劣势不能被高价弥补,所以冬小麦盈利能力低
b:春小麦种植的时间与二者的盈利无关
c:春小麦对土壤的适应与盈利无关
d:春小麦与冬小麦在用处上的不同与盈利无关
e:春小麦比其他作物更能获利,与本体无关。
1-8
2‘16
逻辑链:公司开发了新的除草机器,能通过阴影颜色的不同来区分杂草与作物,开发者说它可以减少人工除草的成本
答案:
a:不同品种的杂草阴影有很大变化,无关
b:一些植物阴影的颜色在它们生长的季节有很大变化,削弱
c:人工除草时考虑的因素无关
d:正确,可以让作物有不同的阴影颜色,这样更有利于机器除草
e:人工劳力在不除草的时候还干别的,这是无关信息
1-9
2‘1
逻辑链: 大雨使得农民不能种玉米,现在是种豆的季节了,而且本来准备种豆的地已经很干了,即使豆的价格很高,农民们也会留下大片土地不种豆
答案:c
a:大雨使得玉米价格变高,这和我种不种豆没关系
b:预测的经济损失与我种不种豆没关系
c:因为之前用了杀虫药会影响玉米的生长
d:农民可以种玉米,这和他们决定不种豆没关系
e:无关
1-10
2’23
逻辑链:前提:孩子怕疼,因此家长不会强迫他们注射疫苗,成年人一般都注射了,最近研发了一种新型的无痛疫苗,对孩子很有效,然而孩子很少感染
结论:因此使用这种无痛疫苗不会带来明显的社会效果
答案:d
a:无关
b:无关
c:无关
d:正确,取反削弱
e:无关

发表于 2020-8-31 22:19:55 | 显示全部楼层
1-1
答案:B
时间:2'02
逻辑链:Premise: large profits on the mew product will give competitors a strong incentive to quickly match the mew product’s capabilities.
Conclusion: Consequently, the strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price.
Logic: charge high price→large profits→competitors catch up→should charge less than greates price
A. 第一个BF勉强可以,第二个BF的course of action应该指consequently后那句话
B. 正确
C. 第二个BF并没有反驳第一个BF
D. 第一个BF支持的strategy并不是作者支持的
E. 第二个BF不是解释strategy的吸引力,而是解释为什么要charge less

1-2
答案:D
时间:1'20
逻辑链:Premise: 退休去FL的比例减少
Conclusion: 餐馆生意会变差
A. 无关。argument只讲了FL,没讲其他州
B. 无关。argument只讲了退休来FL的人,没讲搬出FL的人
C. 无关。做游客生意的餐馆没讲
D. 正确,如果退休总人数增加,退休去FL的人数不变,比例减少,但生意不会变差
E. 无关。搬出FL的人没讲

1-3
答案:A
时间:1'50
逻辑链:P:S土豆有很多bc,现有土豆没有bc,身体可以把bc转化成维A
C:种S土豆能提高营养
A. 正确,能种现有土豆,也能种S土豆
B. 无关。S土豆和现有土豆的颜色,纹理不同,导致做出的菜不同
C. 无关。没有其他土豆比S土豆还有更多bc的
D. 削弱。现有土豆有S土豆没有的重要营养物质
E. 削弱。种的其他蔬菜比S土豆有更多bc

1-4
答案:E
时间:2'02
逻辑链:P:挖出一段4个孔的笛子,吹出来的音乐刚好是7孔笛子的第3到第6个孔
C:7孔笛子数千年前就被发现了
A. 无关。骨笛是N人做的唯一的乐器
B. 无关。在N地址被发现的笛子是最早用diatomic scale
C. 无关。笛子是熊骨做的,N地址发现了熊骨
D. 无关。笛子是最简单的乐器
E. 正确。桥梁,在N处发现的笛子,是7孔笛

1-5
答案:E
时间:2'05
逻辑链:P:因为医生有决定权
C:处方药可以打广告
A. 和非处方药无关
B. 无关,大多数广告是不是关于新开发的处方药广告
C. 无关,处方药广告是不是 in print
D. 无关比较,向大众打广告与向医生打广告
E. 正确,医生会不会屈服于病人

1-6
答案:E
时间:2'00
逻辑链:P:uninsured病人比insured病人待的时间短,治疗程序少
C:不是uninsured病人没有接受合适的治疗,而是insured接受了过多的治疗
第一个BF是critic的结论,作者反驳的结论
第二个BF是作者的结论

A. 两个BF都错
B. 第一个BF错
C. 两个BF都错
D. 两个BF都错
E. 正确

1-7
答案:A
时间:1'30
逻辑链:P:冬麦和春麦利润相同,冬麦产量低于平均
C:种春麦利润更多
A. 正确。冬麦价格更高,都不能补偿利润
B. 与利润无关,春麦要种得早
C. 与利润无关,春麦适应土壤
D. 与利润无关
E. 无关比较

1-8
答案:D
时间:1'50
逻辑链:P:机器割草,区分农作物和野草的颜色
C:比人工除草,减少成本
A. 无关,不同野草的颜色不一样
B. 无关,一些植物的颜色随时间改变很大
C. 无关,人工种农作物,会考虑作物大小和叶子形状
D. 正确,作物有明显于野草的颜色,同时被种很economically
E. 无关,除草工人有其他职责

1-9
答案:C
时间:1'00
逻辑链:P:之前种棉花,天天下雨。现在种豆子,天气干燥
C:现在豆子价钱好,但农民宁愿空出地也不种
A. 错,下雨导致棉花价钱好
B. 错,农民预计雨水多会导致经济损失
C. 正确,怕种棉花的化肥阻碍豆子生长
D. 错,尽管雨水多,农民还是种棉花
E. 错,许多农民种棉花和豆子

1-10
答案:D
时间:1'30
逻辑链:P:小孩不会被感染
C:对小孩用nasal spray没有很大好处
A. 无关,注射过疫苗的也可以用nasal spary
B. 无关,新疫苗与注射疫苗原理一样
C. 无关,人们都买得起注射疫苗
D. 正确,小孩有流感,大人不会感染。如果大人会感染,对小孩就要用nasal spary
E. 无关,对成人nasal spray最有效
发表于 2020-8-31 22:48:08 | 显示全部楼层
答案 BDAEEEADCD
1. A.        The first is an assumption that forms the basis for a course of action that the argument criticizes; the second presents the course of action endorsed by the argument. (bf2 does not present the course of action行动方案, it acts as a consideration (也是premise的一种)对前面的那个conclusion的质疑)
B.        The first is a consideration raised to explain the appeal of a certain strategy; the second is a consideration raised to call into question the wisdom of adopting that strategy. (很好的说明的了第一个premise是对第一个结论的支持,第二个是对该结论的一个质疑)
C.        The first is an assumption that has been used to justify a certain strategy; the second is a consideration that is used to cast doubt on that assumption. (bf1描述的是正确的,但是bf2并不是对bf1的质疑而是对bf1引出的结论的质疑)
D.        The first is a consideration raised in support of a strategy the argument endorses; the second presents grounds in support of that consideration. (but可以看出转折关系,说明BF1,2是两个对立的关系,而不是bf2 supports bf1)
E.        The first is a consideration raised to show that adopting a certain strategy is unlikely to achieve the intended effect; the second is presented to explain the appeal of that strategy. (bf 2 does not explain that strategy, it questions the strategy/bf1 it is a consideration but it does not show whether it is unlikely to achieve)
逻辑链:
P: 创新产品价格高,但科技创新易被超,公司想赚大钱
C: 当公司有的时候把价格抬很高
Counter p: 利润高给对手动机
Counter c: 应该价格降低而不是抬高
2.
Time: 1’38‘’
A.        Florida attracts more people who move from one state to another when they retire than does any other state. (无关比较,attract more people但是不知道具体多多少,总体是处于一个上涨还是下降趋势。)
B.        The number of people who move out of Florida to accept employment in other states has increased over the past ten years. (这个是一个加强选项,当更多的人移出去了导致人口数量下降,退休的人少了,所以比例自然下降了)
C.        There are far more local businesses in Florida that cater to tourists than there are local businesses that cater to retirees. (反驳前提,前提已经说了many local businesses cater to retirees/也算是一个干扰选项,重点是在于老年人比例下降这件事情会不会影响店里的经济)
D.        The total number of people who retired and moved to another state for their retirement has increased significantly over the past ten years. (说明虽然比例下降了但是退休的人口数量仍处于上升的状态)
E.        The number of people who left Florida when they retired to live in another state was greater last year than it was ten years ago. (去年和十年前不代表现在会变多还是变少,错误选项特征)
逻辑链:
P1: F % retired decrease
P2: local business cater to retirees
C: business negative econ effect
Logic:由于F的很多店是为老人服务,退休比例下降会导致对店的经济有影响
思路:看到关于ratio/percentage就要想到quantity可能比例在下降但是人数还是在上涨的
3.A.        The growing conditions required by the varieties of sweet potato currently cultivated in the region are conditions in which SPK004 can flourish. (排除了其他可能性说明该方案是可行的)
B.        The flesh of SPK004 differs from that of the currently cultivated sweet potatoes in color and texture, so traditional foods would look somewhat different when prepared from SPK004. (无关比较,肉质不一样并不能说明种植就能成功)
C.        There are no other varieties of sweet potato that are significantly richer in beta-carotene than SPK004 is. (感觉有点重复前面的条件因为前面已经说了现在种植的含萝卜素的少)
D.        The varieties of sweet potato currently cultivated in the region contain some important nutrients that are lacking in SPK004. (方案副作用,说明SPK004不是那么的完美)
E.        There are other vegetables currently grown in the region that contain more beta-carotene than the currently cultivated varieties of sweet potato do. (如果别的蔬菜有更多萝卜素,那么培养SPK干嘛,直接说明方案不好)
Time: 1’29’’
G: improve nutrition
P: encourage farmers to plant SPK004
Logic: 因为缺少维生素A,种植SPK可以提高A,使得大家营养提高
思路:增强这个plan使得goal能实现,排除有方法副作用的可能,方案要可行,比如说其实这个region不适合种SPK那就是对文章的削弱。
4.A.        Bone flutes were probably the only musical instrument made by Neanderthals. (不管N有几个instrument都不能说明笛子是7音的)
B.        No musical instrument that is known to have used a diatomic scale is of an earlier date than the flute found at the Neanderthal campsite. (没有更早的,那有没有可能会在之后出现,不确定)
C.        The flute was made from a cave-bear bone and the campsite at which the flute fragment was excavated was in a cave that also contained skeletal remains of cave bears. (两个都是熊骨做的并不能说明那个笛子就是7音的)
D.        Flutes are the simplest wind instrument that can be constructed to allow playing a diatonic scale. (扩大概念,什么flutes,什么时候出现最早的,我们不care他是不是simplest)
E.        The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute would have been long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale. (补充的那个gap)

Time: 1’39’’
P: 4洞的笛子能吹3-6的音,文艺复兴能吹到7音
C: musical scale早在几千年前就有了
思路:我认为这里有gap,出土的3-6,文复是7,要想加强就要说明其实出土的个fragment (前提已经说了是个frag),如果是Intact就能吹出7音了
5.A.        Whether nonprescription medications can interact with and block the action of any prescription medications that could be advertised to the general public (这里讨论prescription, 和非处方无关)
B.        Whether most prescription medication advertisements directed at the general public would be advertisements for recently developed medications newly available by prescription (就算是available不代表是对病人好的,医生可以随便开的药)
C.        Whether prescription medication advertisements directed at the general public would appear on television and radio as well as in print (无关概念)
D.        Whether physicians are more likely to pay attention to advertising directed to the general public than to advertising directed to physicians (无关比较)
E.        Whether physicians are likely to succumb to pressure from patients to prescribe inappropriate medications (如果医生屈服于病人就会开,导致出现乱开现象)
Time:5‘46
P: 让general ad可以宣传处方药
Counter: 很多人没有专业知识,要求医生开不合适的药
C: 最后还是看医生的决定
Logic: 最后还是医生决定所以乱开的现象不会有

6.A.        The first states the conclusion of the city official’s argument; the second provides support for that conclusion. (不是CO的argument,是critics; however 转折说明不是support)
B.        The first is used to support the conclusion of the city official’s argument; the second states that conclusion. ((bf1 support conclusion错误)
C.        The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second states the position that the city official’s argument opposes. (bf2是co的看法而不是co的对立面)
D.        The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics; the second provides support for the conclusion of the city official’s argument. (bf2是结论不是一个evidence or premise)
E.        The first states the position that the city official’s argument opposes; the second states the conclusion of the city official’s argument. (bf1是hc的观点也是co反对的观点,bf2是co自己对hc的看法,负态度)

Time:0’30
P: uninsured patients shorter stays
C: uninsured patients receive no proper medical care
Counter: 上面的结论错误
7. A.        the smaller-than-average size of a winter wheat harvest this year would not be compensated for by higher winter wheat prices (说明产量小价格贵,导致Rev下降,profit就会下降)
B.        new crops of spring wheat must be planted earlier than the time at which standing crops of winter wheat are ready to be harvested (时间早晚无关)
C.        the spring wheat that farmers in the Davison River region plant is well adapted to the soil of the region (更好的生长不能说明更赚钱)
D.        spring wheat has uses that are different from those of winter wheat (春麦有其他用途并不能说明为什么更赚钱)
E.        planting spring wheat is more profitable than planting certain other crops, such as rye (无关比较)
Time:1‘05
P:govt restriction on winter wheat/winter产量低于均值
C: 春麦比冬麦更profitable
Logic: 因为冬麦产量低导致价格就会上涨,使得冬麦的利润低
8. A.        There is a considerable degree of variation in shade of color between weeds of different species. (不同种类的weed颜色不一样,加大了收割难度,不能说明Labor cost will be reduced)
B.        The shade of color of some plants tends to change appreciably over the course of their growing season. (看季节变化的话说明这个机器的可靠性不高,达不到目的,进行了削弱)
C.        When crops are weeded manually, overall size and leaf shape are taken into account in distinguishing crop plants from weeds. (说的是手动摘的时候看啥因素,你看啥因素都不能说明你口袋里面的钱少了)
D.        Selection and genetic manipulation allow plants of virtually any species to be economically bred to have a distinctive shade of color without altering their other characteristics. (economically说明是一种省钱的方法,这样一来就能加强目的达到的可能性,减少了Hire people的可能性)
E.        Farm laborers who are responsible for the manual weeding of crops carry out other agricultural duties at times in the growing season when extensive weeding is not necessary. (可以做一些杂事仍然不能减少labor cost)
Time: 2’34
P: weed machine看shade of color判断weeds
C:reduce labor cost
思路:需要再增加一个条件让conclusion成立,weed machine通过判断颜色,说明如果每种植物都有特有的颜色的话就能使得机器很好的辨认
9. A.        the extensive rains have led to an increase in the price of corn (导致corn价钱上升不能解释不种soy的原因)
B.        some Centralian farmers anticipate serious financial losses due to the extremely wet spring planting season (some是多少人,多的话结论成立/这个是一个比较主观的回答,但是我们找原因应该是倾向客观)
C.        chemicals that were used to prepare the fields for corn planting would stunt the growth of soybeans (解释了为什么farmers不种,因为弊大于利)
D.        the majority of Centralia’s corn farmers were able to plant corn as they had intended, despite the wet planting season (和前提不符)
E.        many Centralian farmers grow both corn and soybeans (两个都种也不能解释为啥不种soybean,两个都种不是更应该种soybean因为钱赚的多)
Time: 1’00
P: soybean price high
C: farmers宁可空着也不种soybean
思路:明明可以赚大钱为什么空着不赚呢,说明有其他因素影响了farmers的决策

10.
A.        Any person who has received the injectable vaccine can safely receive the nasal-spray vaccine as well. (不能说明spray没用)
B.        The new vaccine uses the same mechanism to ward off influenza as jnjectable vaccines do. (机制一样说明有效)
C.        The injectable vaccine is affordable for all adults. (关于cost,无关)
D.        Adults do not contract influenza primarily from children who have influenza. (取反,有传染性那么spray就是需要的,削弱选项)
E.        The nasal spray vaccine is mot effective when administered to adults. (那就是对小孩有没有用不知道)
Time: 1’27
P: children seldom develop严重的症状
C: 使用nasal spray没很大好处
思路:背景说家长不愿意让孩子打疫苗,但是大人会打针。然后又说小孩一般有了也不会有严重的症状。如果小孩能传染给大人,那么这个nasal spray有必要但是没有传染性,就没有啥必要,正好加强了conclusion
发表于 2020-8-31 23:02:44 | 显示全部楼层
1-1        D 2‘21’‘
Premise: 高科技很快能被超越,所以公司就设高价尽可能的快点赚钱。太贵的价钱的话会给对手一个很强的讯号去研发同样的可以。
Conclusion:赚钱最多的方法就是设比最高价低一点的价格。
第一个划线支持conclusion,第二个划线也支持conclusion。
A 这个argument没有criticize
B 第二个划线没有call into question
C 第二个划线没有cast doubt
E 第一个划线没有表现在adopt某一策略之后如何不会有应有的表现
1-2        D 1‘33’‘
Premise: 退休之后搬去FL的人占总退休搬去其他州的人在过去十年中下降了3%
Conclusion: 做退休人生意的business会看到因为这个下降带来的负面经济影响
Gap: 退休搬去其他州的人数的绝对值不知道
削弱题
A 无关
B无关
C无关
E无关
1-3        A 1’37’’
Premise: 一个地方的人缺V A,准备介绍一种V A多的红薯
Conclusion: 会成功,因为现在人吃很多红薯而求里面的v a物质很少
Gap: 当地的人真的会种它,它的产能要是一样的
加强题
B 相反
C 无关
D 无关
E 无关
1-4        E 2’37’’
Premise: 一个四个洞的骨头乐器在一个遗址中被找到,这个乐器正好可以吹7个里的四个音
Conclusion: 7个音是在西方音乐家发钱之前就有了
Gap: 这四个音是七个音的鼻祖
A 无关
B 无关
C 无关
D 无关
1-5        E 1’53’’
Premise: 处方药可以打广告了,但是反对的人觉得这些广告会导致很多病人叫医生开不适合他们的要吃
Conclusion: 因为医生才是最后拍板的人,反对不成立
A 无关
B 无关
C无关
D 无关
1-6        E 2’12’’
第一个加黑是批评医院的人的conclusion。第二个加黑是city official的conclusion。
A 第一个不是city official的
B 同A
C 第二不是oppose
D 第二不是support
1-7        A 2’07’’
Premise: 冬稻和春稻利润都一样,冬天的灌溉成本更低。
Conclusion: 种春会比冬赚钱
Gap: 产量不知道
1-8        A 2’18’’
Premise: 一个公司要制造一个有摄像头和处理器的机器来通过颜色来辨别weeds
Conclusion: 投资人说这个机器可以减少很多人力成本
加强题
Gap: 这个机器是有价值的,如原来的工作很难活着需要的时间很长
1-9        C 1’22’’
Premise:雨季让农民错过了种玉米的季节,现在到了种大豆的季节了,土地也干了可以种大豆了。
Conclusion:虽然大豆价格还更高,但是农民还是不种大豆。
问为什么?
土地的条件有问题?种了大豆就不能种玉米了?过多大豆会使大豆降价?
1-10        D 2’11
Premise:之前预防I病的针很痛,所以只有大人大。现在有新的喷鼻子的育苗小孩也可以用了。
Conclusion:因为小孩很少有因I严重的,所以这个给小孩喷鼻子的育苗也不会对大家的身体健康带来多大的正影响
发表于 2020-8-31 23:59:49 | 显示全部楼层
总结:每题pace特别不稳定,主要还是和题干长短/逻辑复杂度有关
答案 BDCEE EAACD
1-1 B 2'44"
背景/原strategy:拥有高科技的产品通常可以要价很高。原因:新科技通常很快被超越,所以公司想尽可能获得更多利润,因此要价高到极限。
转折:高利润反而让竞争者加速提高科技水平。结论:反对原strategy,想要获得最多利润,应该要价低一点。
1-2 D 1'10''
Premise:在从one state to another的退休人员中,去Florida的百分比下降了;而且Florida很多商业都服务于退休人员
Conclusion:这个百分比的decline会对这些business产生很大负面影响
问题:百分比≠数字

1-3 C 1'55''
背景:维A缺乏症是一个严重的健康疾病,尤其在孩子中。
Plan:种植新的sweet potato SPK004,富含b-c,可以转换成维A;
支持因素;sweet potato是当地基础饮食和农作物,而且目前有的品种都缺b-c。
Goal:提高维A,增强营养

1-4 E 2'50''背景:在N被挖掘的4个洞的破骨笛正是演奏第三-第六 note of diatonic scale所需要的,这玩意儿是自从文艺复兴开始被西方音乐广泛应用的。
结论:diatonic musical scale 早就在数千年前被发现和运用了。
A:是不是N唯一的乐器,无关
B:取非-有比这个骨笛时间更早的乐器被用来搞diatonic scale,在N被发现。并不能削弱原结论。
C:关于这个骨笛的材质,无关
D:是不是simplest,无关
只剩下E

1-5 E 2'05''
背景:除了在专业医药杂报刊或mail之外,对药打广告是违法的。
Proposal:允许对大众打处方药的广告;反对观点:大众缺少专业知识来评估广告内容,可能会问医生要不合适的药。
作者反驳:医生有最终说明权,反对的concern不存在。
评估关键点:会不会影响到大众吃错药

1-6 E 2'10''
[size=14.6667px]背景:uninsured patients比insured patients 住的日子更短,更少procedures。
[size=14.6667px]批评者的结论是BF1:uninsured patients没有得到好的medical care。
[size=14.6667px]转折词However后是BF2,是文章的main conclusion。
[size=14.6667px]CD选项的前半句有问题:不是用来support critics的结论,它本身就是conclusion

1-7 A 1'45''
冬麦和春麦通常是一样profitable的。但由于政府规定,冬麦的平均产量会有所减少,但春麦不受影响。所以种植春麦更加profitable。利润=总产量*平均每吨利润。
A选项:即使冬麦价格更高,平均产量低下也无法得到弥补。即平均每吨利润的增加,不如总产量的降低影响大。

1-8 A 2'05''
手段目的型加强题。
手段:用一种新的机器来识别不同的shade of color从而实现weed
目的:降低labor costs,通过减少人工weeding

1-9 C 1'15''
大雨让农民没有种植corn;现在soybean可以种植,且土地已经足够干,soybean的价格也很高,但农民们还是让大部分地空着。
可能的原因:土地还有别的问题(C)

1-10 D 1'25''
adult是得流感的主要人群,新发明的喷雾可以让孩子免于打针的痛苦。但是因为儿童很少得严重的流感,所以推广这个喷雾没什么太大益处。
D取非:adult主要通过得流感的孩子而得流感,削弱。




发表于 2020-9-1 01:41:32 | 显示全部楼层
1-1
时间:5
逻辑链:
Premiselarge profits on the mew product will give competitors a strong incentive to quickly match the mew product’s capabilities.
Conclusionthe strategy to maximize overall profit from a new product is to charge less than the greatest possible price.

选项:
A.第一个黑脸没有被
criticize
B.排除其他应该选它了
C.第二个没反对一
D.第二个没支持
E.第二个没有解释策略

1-2
时间:5‘15
逻辑链:
Premise:下降人数的百分比对靠退休人员赚钱的
Conclusion:florida养老迁徙的增长减少有可能对当地经济有一个显著的消极影响

选项:
A.和结论无关
B.move out of florida和结论以及前提无关
C.tourist和养老迁徙与当地经济的关系无关
D.和前提以及结论相关,选D
E.离开的人和前十年的对比与前提结论无关

1-3
时间:3‘15
逻辑链:
Premisesince sweet potato is a staple of the region’s diet and agriculture, and the varieties currently grown contain little beta-carotene.
ConclusionThe plan has good chances of success

选项:
A.现在培育土豆的环境也可以培育SPK004,支持,选A
B.主要讲两种产品的其他区别,和结论无关
C.没有A的支持程度大
D.削弱了结论,排除
E.和原文意思相反,削弱了结论,排除

1-4
时间:3‘15
逻辑链:
PremiseThe spacing of the four holes on a fragment of a bone flute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite is just what is required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale—the seven-note musical scale used in much of Western music since the Renaissance.
Conclusion Musicologists therefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.

选项:
A.和结论无关,排除
B.还没看懂,先放一下
C.
D.
E.

1-5
时间:3‘15
逻辑链:
Premisesince physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient
Conclusion A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications.

选项:
A.非处方和处方的关系,无关
B.没看懂
C.广告出现在哪里,和结论是否成立无关
D.医生关注什么广告和开药没有关系,排除
E.医生是否能不受患者影响来开处方药是决定性因素,选E

1-6
时间:4‘15
逻辑链:
Premise
Conclusion

选项:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

1-7
时间:4‘15
逻辑链:
Premisenew government restrictions on the use of Davison River water for irrigation, per acre yields for winter wheat, though not for spring wheat, would be much lower than average.
Conclusionplanting spring wheat will be more profitable than planting winter wheat.

选项:
A.和利润相关,并且有因果关系,选A
B.播种时间和利润没有直接关系,排除
C.
没有比较,排除
D.没有比较,排除
E.没有显示春小麦和冬小麦的比较,排除

1-8
时间:2‘15
逻辑链:
PremiseA company plans to develop a prototype weeding machine that uses cutting blades with optical sensors and microprocessors that distinguish weeds from crop plants by differences in shade of color.
Conclusion  it will reduce labor costs by virtually eliminating the need for manual weeding.

选项:
A.差异大和减少人工费没关系
,排除
B.同上,排除
C.无法支持
D.证明了可以消除人工除草的需求,选它
E.和除草机前提无关

1-9
时间:3‘15
逻辑链:
Premise It is now the planting season for soybeans, another of Centralia’s principal crops, and those fields originally intended for corn are dry enough for planting.  
Conclusioneven though soybean prices are unusually high at present, the farmers will leave most of these fields empty rather than plant them with soybeans,   

选项:
A.和种大豆无关,排除
B.无关排除
C.成立,选C
D.不能得出结论
E.无关


1-10
时间:3‘15
逻辑链:
Premisesince children seldom develop serious complications from influenza
Conclusionno significant public health benefit would result from widespread vaccination of children using the nasal spray.

选项:
A.无关
B.无关
C.无关
D.成人主要不是通过小孩来传染上的,选D
E.无关













您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 立即注册

Mark一下! 看一下! 顶楼主! 感谢分享! 快速回复:

手机版|ChaseDream|GMT+8, 2024-3-29 00:57
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号

ChaseDream 论坛

© 2003-2023 ChaseDream.com. All Rights Reserved.

返回顶部