- UID
- 1446433
- 在线时间
- 小时
- 注册时间
- 2020-2-29
- 最后登录
- 1970-1-1
- 主题
- 帖子
- 性别
- 保密
|
第08篇：独立主格
1.独立主格介绍
1.1独立主格的概念及形式
1）概念
非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致，非谓语动词形式须另带主语，从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构成为”独立结构（Independent Genitive/Abolute Construction)”。其中非谓语动词主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词。
2）形式
独立主格结构由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词（动名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词）或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。
a.逻辑主语+现在分词
e.g.Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
b.逻辑主语+过去分词
e.g.The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
c.逻辑主语+形容词
e.g.He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
d.逻辑主语+副词
e.g. The meeting over, they all went home.
e.逻辑主语+不定式
e.g.The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
f.逻辑主语+介词短语
e.g.He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
1.2独立主格的作用
1）独立主格结构在句中作状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表时间、条件、原因、伴随、目的及状态等。
表时间
e.g. The work done, we went home.
相当于After the work had been done, we went home.
表条件
e.g. Weather permitting, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
相当于If weather permits, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
表原因
e.g. An important lecture to be given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night.
相当于As an important lecture will be given tomorrow, the professor has to stay
up late into the night.
表伴随
e.g. He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head.
相当于He was lying on the grass, and his hands were crossed under his head.
表补充说明
e.g. We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.
2）独立主格的特点
独立主格结构是现代英语中常见的一种特殊语法现象，从本质上来讲，它相当于自带主语的状语从句，使用此结构会使句子更加简练、形象，增强语言效果。
主语和后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式和介词短语具有主谓关系。
2.含有独立主格的长难句分析
E.g 1.Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than the man whose command of language is poor.
【分析】Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than the man whose command of language is poor.
画阴影的部分是独立主格的结构：主语+现在分词，译为“在其他条件相同的情况下”。
此句主干：A man is sure to succeed.
此句从句：who expresses himself effectively是who引导的定语从句。
此句翻译：在其他条件相同的情况下，一个能有效地表达自己的人肯定会比语言能力差的人
成功得更快。
E.g 2.In reality, gecko feet aren’t sticky—they’re dry and smooth to the touch—and owe their remarkable adhesion to some two billion spatula-tipped filaments per square centimeter on their toe pads, each filament only a hundred nanometers thick.
【分析】In reality, gecko feet aren’t sticky—they’re dry and smooth to the touch—and owe their remarkable adhesion to some two billion spatula-tipped filaments per square centimeter on their toe pads, each filament only a hundred nanometers thick.
画阴影的部分是独立主格的结构：主语+副词，译为“每根细丝只有100纳米厚”。
此句主干：Gecko feet aren’t sticky and owe their remarkable adhesion.
此句翻译：事实上，壁虎的脚并不粘——它们摸起来很干，很光滑——它们的脚趾垫上每平
方厘米约有20亿根抹刀状的细丝，每根细丝只有100纳米厚，所以壁虎的脚具有
非凡的粘附力。
E.g 3.Perhaps encouragingly, more than half of the pupils (59%) identified that it is human activities which are destroying rainforest, some personalizing the responsibility by the use of terms such as ‘we are’.
【分析】Perhaps encouragingly, more than half of the pupils (59%) identified that it is human activities which are destroying rainforest, some personalizing the responsibility by the use of terms such as ‘we are’.
画阴影的部分是独立主格的结构：主语+现在分词，译为“一些人用我们是这样的词来将责任个人化”。
此句主干：More than half of the pupils (59%) identified ...
此句从句：that it is human activities是that引导的名词性从句。which are
destroying rainforest是which引导的定语从句。
此句翻译：令人欣慰的是，超过一半的学生（59%）认为是人类活动在破坏雨林，一些人用
我们是这样的词来将责任个人化。
3.含有独立主格的托福题目分析
【例题】Which of the following statements about deer populations is supported by the information in paragraph 4?
A.Deer populations reached their highest point during the 1940s and then began to decline.
B.The activities of settlers contributed in unexpected ways to the growth of some deer populations in later times.
C.The cleaning of wilderness land for construction caused biotic changes from which the black-tailed deer population has never recovered.
D.Since the 1940s the winter populations of deer have fluctuated more than the summer populations have.
【文章】Reduction in numbers of game should have boded ill for their survival in later times. A worsening of the plight of deer was to be expected as settlers encroached on the land, logging, burning, and clearing, eventually replacing a wilderness landscape with roads, cities, towns, and factories. No doubt the numbers of deer declined still further. Recall the fate of the Columbian white-tailed deer, now in a protected status. But for the black-tailed deer, human pressure has had just the opposite effect. Wildlife zoologist Helmut Buechner(1953), in reviewing the nature of biotic changes in Washington through recorded time, says that "since the early 1940s, the state has had more deer than at any other time in its history, the winter population fluctuating around approximately 320,000 deer (mule and black-tailed deer), which will yield about 65,000 of either sex and any age annually for an indefinite period."（摘自TPO4/Passage1）
【句子分析】原文画线的部分涉及到了独立主格：since the early 1940s, the state has had more deer than at any other time in its history, the winter population fluctuating around approximately 320,000 deer，其中the winter population fluctuating around approximately 320,000 deer这个部分是主语+现在分词的结构，译为“冬天的鹿群大约在32万头左右波动”。此知识点虽然没出现在选项中，但这句是做题的关键，需要读懂才行。
【例题分析】1）题干问的是“第4段中的信息支持以下哪种关于鹿群的说法？”2）A项说的是“鹿的数量在20世纪40年代达到最高点，随后开始下降。”不符合原文的时间点，排除。3）B项说的是“定居者的活动以意想不到的方式促进了后世一些鹿群的增长。”对应原文的No doubt the numbers of deer declined still further. Recall the fate of the Columbian white-tailed deer, now in a protected status. But for the black-tailed deer, human pressure has had just the opposite effect.保留。4）C项说的是“为建设而清理荒地，造成了黑尾鹿种群的生物变化，而黑尾鹿种群从此再也没有恢复过来。”和原文矛盾，排除。5）D项说的是“自20世纪40年代以来，鹿的冬季种群波动比夏季种群波动更大。”原文没提到，排除。
这篇笔记就打算写到这里了，小伙伴们是不是觉得挺突然?～～因为独立主格出现的频率不高，找了很久的例题，但涉及到题目的还是少，今天总结独立主格主要还是帮助大家捋一遍这方面的知识点，起码遇到的时候能分析出来，希望能给学弟学妹们一些帮助??♀️～
加油！
|
|
京公网安备11010202008513号 京ICP证101109号 京ICP备12012021号
发表于 2020-3-12 15:25:48
收藏
收藏
楼主
