OG2020 664

Liqueur-xy

664. Cognitive scientist: Using the pioneering workof comparative psychologist Gordon Gallup as a model, several studies haveinvestigated animals' capacity for mirror self-recognition (MSR). Most animalsexposed to a mirror respond only with social behavior, such as aggression.However, in the case of the great apes, repeated exposure to mirrors leads toself-directed behaviors, such as exploring the inside of the mouth, suggestingthat these animals recognize the reflection as an image of self. Theimplication of these studies is that the great apes have a capacity for self-awarenessunique among nonhuman species.

The cognitive scientist makes which ofthe following assumptions in the argument above?

A.  Gallup's work has established that the great apes have a capacityfor MSR unique among nonhuman species.

B.  If an animal does not have the capacity for MSR, it does not have the capacityfor self-awareness.

C.  If a researcher exposesan animal to a mirrorand that animalexhibits social behavior, thatanimal is incapable of being self-aware.

D.  Whenexposed to a mirror,all animals displayeither social behavioror self- directed behavior.

E.  Animals that do not exhibit MSR may demonstrate a capacity for self- awareness in other ways.

请问这道题用HELR的方法看是属于因果呢？ E 选项怎么看呢 属于削弱而不是加强么

Liqueur-xy

正确答案是B

Bensontuo

歹勢, 沒看過HELR 的方法, 但是這題的確不是難題, 首先, 這題找充分假設

P1: 心理學Ｇ的研究檢測動物對用鏡中自我認識的能力。

P2: 大部分的動物當看到鏡中的自己僅回應了攻擊性的社會行為

Inference: If 攻擊性的社會行為, then No 自我認識的能力

P3: 然而, 在猿猴類的例子中, 重複的面對鏡中的自我會使得猿猴有自我導向的行為, 就像是暴露自己嘴巴的內部, 而這件事情表示了這些動物理解自我影像的反射。

Inference: If 自我導向的行為, then 理解自我影像的反射, if 了解自我影響的反射, then有自我認識的能力

C: 這暗示了這些猿猴擁有自我體悟的能力且獨特於其他非人類的物種。

* If ( other species, then no MSR), then It must not have capacity of self awareness

If Other species ( No ape ), then aggressive, if aggressive, then no MSR, If no MSR, then No Self awareness.

Bensontuo

E. the argument has not been mentioning anything regarding if there are the other way of exhibiting MSR, if there are, then self - awareness as the condition would not guarantee the condition of MSR. Yes, its weaken

行素

给个小建议，以后复制题目可以排一下版，不然有点费劲。这是属于因果类的。加强、假设对应的CQ是1，加强因果之间的联系 2，排除可能的干扰因素。B加强了两者关系并且完全排除了其他可能的因素导致self-aware。E，我认为是削弱，属于很弱的削弱，即，其他动物可能会有其他方式来self-aware。可能有，这就很悬了

一粒黄豆。

没看过herl的东西，仅说一下自己的思路：

Background: MSR study - most animals only show social behavior, great ape shows self-directed behaviors
Conclusion: great ape has unique self-awareness among nonhuman species

这道题的关键在于“unique”，这代表两个意思： 1)great ape有self awareness;且2)other nonhuman animals没有self awareness。而这两个意思需要两个assumptions：
Assumption 1： ape has self-directed behaviours--->self awareness。这个assumption在这句话里得到阐述“ However, in the case of the great apes, repeated exposure to mirrors leads to self-directed behaviors, such as exploring the inside of the mouth, suggesting that these animals recognize the reflection as an image of self. ”
Assumption 2：other animals does not have self-directed behaviours--->no self-awareness。我们在答案中要找的就是这个assumption，所以选B。

这里我觉得有些tricky的是对几个概念用了不同的词，比如self-directed behaviors，MSR，self-awareness，我自己做题的时候由于被这几个概念绕进去，影响了做题速度。但只要搞清楚MSR和directed behaviors其实说的是一回事，答案几乎就摆在眼前了“If an animal does not have the capacity for MSR, it does not have the capacity for self-awareness.”=“other animals does not have self-directed behaviours--->no self-awareness”。

希望对你有帮助。

JustFuckingDoIt

一粒黄豆。 发表于 2020-4-3 05:55
没看过herl的东西，仅说一下自己的思路：

Background: MSR study - most animals only show social behavi ...

感谢大神解答！

我也是被几个概念绕进去了。关键点就是MSR和self-directed behavior是一个东西，然后文章实验的推导是用self-directed behavior （MSR） --> self-awareness，所以要在这两者之间搭桥，也就是B选项。