12.15 放狗

alice8513

感谢楼主！！！有想起来的话求更~~（最近考试的人太少了）

michelle789

感谢分享！

chilton

谢谢楼主！

yayaya760

麦仔米雪 发表于 2018-12-15 19:20
谢谢楼主放狗！看别的帖子应该是今天换库了，祝楼主申请顺利~

祝你好运！楼主还没分手

懒得取名字

谢谢分享！明天考好慌

Inochi

谢谢楼主！！！！

Richard刘1996

备考的lambert 发表于 2018-12-15 19:20
谢谢分享 看来真的现在考的人太少了 这么迟才有消息

很多人考  有些不知道CD

billyisfragile!

②介绍了social change还是什么，反正是社会的什么，会促进radical business change。还有一个关键词应该是rebel。这篇很长，有三段，一屏半。我来不太急看了，后面用各种产业（其中一个是automobile）里的变化来阐述这个主旨。记得automobile产业里有考细节题（对club的描述除了哪个都是正确的），具体是说原来automobile manufactures通过降低价格使得好像是19世纪的汽车变成普通人可以用的。但是还不够，是通过一个club里的人，虽然这个club没有被automobile manufactures资助，但是他们做了一系列的事情，他们认为汽车是解决交通问题的方法，所以他们带头放弃马车。还说了很多不记得了，最后两句话高亮了（问高亮的是啥意思）：多少年以后，他们不再怎么了，因为automobile已经变成了fact。

https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/market-rebels-and-radical-innovation

Market rebels and radical innovation
By Hayagreeva Rao

In this adaptation from Hayagreeva Rao’s book, he explains the role of activists in making or breaking new markets, products, and services.

Activists who challenge the status quo play a critical but often overlooked role in both promoting and impeding radical business innovation. Their importance stems from the very nature of innovation, which frequently challenges existing interests, norms, values, social practices, and relationships. As a result, the joined hands of market rebels—activists and their recruits—have with surprising frequency exerted significant influence on market acceptance of breakthrough products and services.

For example, nearly all of the technical aspects associated with personal computing were available by 1972, but the PC didn’t take off until a few years later when hobbyists, rebelling against centralized computing, organized groups such as the Homebrew Computer Club. These clubs were spawning grounds for actors—such as inventors, founders of companies like Apple, and developers of programs and games—who collectively established the market for personal computers and eventually stimulated the entry of larger companies. Similarly, the hybrid car succeeded partly because market rebels in the environmental movement paved the way by arousing collective enthusiasm for “green” causes among consumers and regulators.

yayaya760

bzy! 发表于 2018-12-15 20:40
https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/market-r ...

看着是挺像原文的，尤其第一段，但是考试时候那个比这个长，应该还少一段我说的详细讲automobile的。

billyisfragile!

yayaya760 发表于 2018-12-15 20:53
看着是挺像原文的，尤其第一段，但是考试时候那个比这个长，应该还少一段我说的详细讲automobile的。 ...

The car, a radical invention that promised to transform the experience of transportation, was an extremely hot cause. In 1895, when the automobile industry was just beginning, the gasoline-powered car was poorly understood, notoriously unreliable, and reviled by vigilante antispeeding organizations. Colonel Albert Pope, a bicycle manufacturer who went on to make electric cars, could not fathom why anyone would use gas-powered ones, asserting, “You can’t get people to sit over an explosion.” And a lawmaker in Massachusetts suggested that motorists fire Roman candles at approaching horse-drawn carriages to warn them of the arrival of the car.

Yet as early as 1906, commentator Frank Munsey noted that the “uncertain period of the automobile is now past. It is no longer a theme for jokers, and rarely do we hear the derisive expression, ‘Get a horse.’” Henry Ford is widely regarded as the man who established the automobile industry by automating production and driving down prices so the car could reach the masses. But it wasn't until 1913 that Ford installed the moving assembly line in Highland Park, Michigan, to produce the Model T—long after the car became taken for granted. What’s more, Ford benefited from laws licensing drivers and mandating speed limits—and he didn’t lobby or otherwise agitate for those rules.

Ford didn’t need to, because a social movement powered by automobile clubs comprising car enthusiasts played a central role in legitimating the automobile and presenting it as a modern solution to the problem of transportation. These enthusiasts (primarily doctors and other professionals) were rebels who flouted convention, abandoned the horse-drawn carriage for the automobile, and sought to popularize its use. Neither sponsored nor financed by car manufacturers, the clubs were both social in nature and focused on improving quality, shielding car owners from legal harassment, and promoting the construction of good roads. Club involvement enabled members to construct an identity built around a new consumer role. By 1901, 22 clubs had mushroomed in cities from Boston to Newark to Chicago.

In addition to working with state governments to draft laws licensing cars and mandating speed limits, automobile clubs organized reliability contests that pitted cars against one another in endurance, hill climbing, and fuel-economy runs. Each contest—a cool mobilization if there ever was one—was widely viewed as a test that proved to audiences that the automobile was reliable. The first reliability contest was in 1895; by 1912 the contests were discontinued because organizers recognized that the automobile had become a social fact.