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关于主旨题的补充&细节题

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发表于 2018-12-9 22:33:56 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
楼主GMAT备考中 今日撸了四篇RC 的细节题,和大家分享
如果文档中存在错误,大家可以一起讨论!
以后我也会更新 日常学习状态,hhh 算是在督促自己学习~


【Part 1——主旨题笔记补充(接上次)】
七、第一道题不论是不是主旨题,都要先找到文章作者的观点
——否则会比较容易被文章的论据所干扰,导致主旨题错选

八、结构把握
——1.简单结构
1 美国iphone6最便宜(Easy
P1#观点:美国iphone6最便宜
P2—美国比中国要便宜
P3?(这段要写什么呢)
P4#小结结论:美国最便宜
——(答案:美国比其他国家都便宜/中国比其他国家都便宜)
——2.复杂结构—中间有干扰性的插曲

2 美国iphone6最便宜(Hard
P1#观点:美国iphone6最便宜
P2 有人说不对,香港有学生政策更便宜,9折,所以香港最便宜
P3 作者推翻P2观点1-不是所有人都适用/2-只有九月开学才能用)
P4这个优惠等于没有#小结结论:美国最便宜
#一篇文章只能有一个观点,所以明确观点之后,
如果出现和观点相反的观点,要注意寻找之后推翻第二个观点的信息

九、清楚结构和功能之后,不要浪费时间精读段落
E.g. Biologistshave advanced twotheories
#观点:开门见山,说要介绍两个理论
#文章结构:非常清晰——Easy
P1—两个理论
P2A理论(功能清楚之后,千万不要细看)
P3howeverA理论有不足—引出B理论
P4B理论的两个解释(不细看)
十、作者的态度与文章结构

1.一篇文章作者态度(后期补充词汇
1)正面
2)负面
3)中立
#注意,作者的观点不是非黑即白的
如果原文中,是批判A理论的人支持B理论,作者只是描述这两个理论,是中立态度,不是负面

2.选项中defending(防御)的文章结构:
1.先有attack:别人先对一个方法/理论/项目,进行批评
2.再有defend:你认为这个攻击没道理(#观点)
3.没道理的原因123#论据)

3.选项中refuting(批判)的文章结构
1.方法/理论有问题
2.许多论据,大篇幅反驳
如果这篇文章只有一句话是反驳A理论的,那就不能是refute

十一、判断你对文章结构的把握是否正确
#可以通过比照主旨题的正确选项来看
(C) discussing the appeal ofa particular methodology and some concerns aboutits use
这道题,不只有后面的concern(负面=对应原文cautious);
也要注意到第一段的正面信息,unlike-represent代表,affirm肯定/批准,furnish供应,这三个正面的动词所传达出的正面意思=appeal to
#对于动词、形容词、名词的感情色彩要敏感,要有进一步的理解。
concern负面,inadequate负面(不充足的)strong(正面)useful(正面)

十二、主旨题错误选项的特征:

1.极端词汇:要在原文中有对应,才算对
alwaysneveronlybestmostprimarychief

2.文体错误:选项描述的内容与逻辑结构不搭边
#观点:描述两个理论theory
#选项:(四种典型错误)
1criticizeX:情感大方向不对)
2makea new pointX:文章中没提到)
3describetwo new methodsX:偷换概念)
4)一堆关键词,但是整体表达出的意思不对(X:陷阱)

3.以偏概全:论据、细节不能作为文章的主旨,不能以篇幅论英雄

【Part 2——细节题】

一、细节题/推理题的考察标志词
#可以在草纸上记录一下,方便之后定位
1.比较相同点/不同点:both/ unlike
2.长篇大论的细节:first……second……(1-4
3.新概念:“……”新概念(双引号)的出现
4.名词的排列:ABCand D

二、细节题做题顺序
1.读问题
2.确定关键词,回原文定位(千万不要凭印象做题)
3.原文理解清楚
4.看选项(不要一开始就看选项,容易被干扰)

三、细节题正确答案的特征

1.重合度为王:改写幅度比较小

2.不能出现任何新信息(要与原文都能对应上)
—除非以下两大类:
1)在阅读题里考逻辑题“对逻辑链加强/削弱”
2)题目中有具体说明:“我下面做一个假设hypothetical

3.细节题考察标志词
1)在题干中看到
accordingto……”,“which ofthe following mentioned……”
2)在文章中看到
#可以在草纸上记录一下,方便之后定位
1.比较相同点/不同点:both/ unlike
2.长篇大论的细节:first……(1-4
3.新概念:“……”新概念(引号)的出现
4.名词的排列:ABCand D

四、定位能力+精确对应原文文本的理解能力

1.定位能力
1)文章逻辑结构的把握
2)关键字扫读

2.原文文本对应能力
1)单词认识
2)长难句理解过关
3)词义辨析的分析(很重要)
——词义辨析的理解要严谨:
describe & interpretation
describe描述——客观存在:今天18
interpretation感受,感悟——主观感受:今天18度很舒适
decide & detect
decideselect:能看到,但是可能不好选(选择障碍)
detect:瞎了,看不到
hide
(A)fish hide from predators by formingschools
#原文是:schooling offers the advantage of some protection frompredators.
没说“躲起来”,万一可能是形成磁场干扰之类的,所以不要人为加工,这里属于出现新信息

#所以平时要对错误选项的原因有细致的分析:高强度辨析训练
有些选项,从头到尾都和原文的内容对应不上
有些选项,一半对,一半错
有些选项,只错了一个单词

五、看清题目问的个体,不要读无关信息
1.题干:According to the passage, which of thefollowing was true of most villages inseventeenth-century England
#定位,注意这里就不要去读New England

2.题干:The passage mentions which of thefollowing(细节题标志) as apossible consequence of companies'realization of greater profits(定位)through ecoefficiency?
#注意问的是:实现利润之后的后果

原文干扰:indeed,most companies invest in ecoefficiency improvements in order to increase profits(关键词出现,但是不是在得到利润之后的后果,这里再说为了实现利润,是目的) and growth.

3. 题干:Accordingto the passage, which of the following shapes(关键词)the oral narratives of women storytellers?
#直接定位,shape,细节题不太常替换

原文:Moreover,the stories people tell to explain themselves are shaped by(定位) 1narrative devices and 2storytelling conventions, aswell as by 3other cultural andhistorical factors, in ways that the storytellers may be unaware of.

六、需要大篇幅阅读原文的细节题,做笔记(速记)

1.可以理解的地方,记关键词
2.生词读不懂的地方,照抄,看是否能改写成与选项意思相近的,不能则直接排除

【例子】
1.原文定位处:
Scholarsof women's history should, however, be as1cautious about accepting oral narratives at face value as they alreadyare about written memories. 2Oralnarratives are no more likely than are written narratives to provide adisinterested commentary on events or people. 3Moreover, the stories people tell to explain themselves areshaped by narrative devices and storytellingconventions, as well as by other cultural and historical factors, inways that the storytellers may be unaware of. 4The political rhetoric of a particular era, for example, may influence women'sinterpretations of the significance of their experience. Thus a woman who viewsthe Second World War as pivotal inincreasing the social acceptance of women's paid work outside the home mayreach that conclusion partly and unwittingly because of wartime rhetoricencouraging a positive view of women's participation in such work.

#段段落很长,可以做笔记
1.cautious谨慎
2.两个方法提供中立言论差不多
3.被三个因素影响
4.言辞影响女性解读(举例:第二次世界大战)

2.原文定位处:First, England wasovercrowded and land-hungry; New England was sparsely populatedand labor-hungry.  Second, England suffered the normal European rate of mortality;New England, especially in the first generation of English colonists, wasvirtually free from infectious diseases. Third, England had an 3 all-embracingstate church; in New England membership in a church was restricted tothe elect.  Fourth, a high proportion of English villagers 4 lived underpaternalistic resident squires; no such class existed in NewEngland.
#段段落很长,可以做笔记
1.人多
2.normaldeath
3.all-embracingstate church
(不认识的单词可以照抄,到时候看是否能改写成选项,
发现不能改写的,直接排除)
4.lived under paternalistic resident squires

题干:Accordingto the passage, which of the following was true of most villages in seventeenth-century England?(A
(A)The resident squire had significantauthority=paternalistic权威:常考).
(B)Church members were selected on thebasis of their social status within the community.
教堂成员是根据社会地位选举的
all-embracingstate church——不能改写
(C)Low population density restricted agricultural and economic growth.New England不是England
(D)There was little diversity in local institutions from one region to another.(定位处没提)
(E)National events had little impact on local customs and administrativeorganization. (定位处没提)

七、题干出现负面词,如果导致选项逻辑不好懂,就在选项里加个not

1.Accordingto the passage, scholars of women's history should refrain=避免) fromdoing which of the following?
(E)Accepting women's oral narratives lesscritically than they accept women's written histories

#不好想就加个notnot less critically=as cautious




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