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2.还有一个一屏多点儿的,关于北极圈内的啥东西被运用到environmental management的文章。第一段讲了这个东西原来是干啥用的,现在开始incorporate with环境和管理blabla,还举了一个国家间组织作为大家合作使用这个的例子(这块儿不是很确定了)。第二段主要是一个例子,说明用于环境管理的,是说1970年scientists认为某种whale只存活800条了要保护,hunters认为这个不对,尤其质疑了科学家的assumption(这个whale只在浅水游动,且migration过程中不吃东西),于是大家用了个什么办法(好像是绑了个什么仪器之类的),最后发现大概有几千头whale,于是hunters被证明是对的。
唉最终我都没懂到底是啥东西的运用....大家注意那个例子吧,例子挺清晰的,后面还考了hunter的主要质疑是什么。还考了主旨题。
In 1977, scientific surveys indicated that bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) in the Beaufort Sea were in trouble, with fewer than 1,000 individuals remaining. The International Whaling Commission took action to put a moratorium on native hunts in order to protect the species. Yet local Inuit hunters didn't see what the fuss was about. Their own estimates, gleaned from time and experience, put bowhead numbers at 7,000. The Inuits also disputed western scientists' contentions that whales couldn't swim under offshore ice and that they did not feed during migration. Researchers responded to these criticisms by developing a new survey method to census the population, incorporating Inuit understanding of whale behavior. In 1991, the new survey estimated that bowheads numbered 8,000- an affirmation of the ecological knowledge held by individuals who depended upon the whales for food, fuel, and shelter (Freeman 1995). As indigenous sovereignty and other rights become recognized around the globe, many governments are developing strategies to work with indigenous communities to co-manage land and resources (Colchester 2004). In navigating this often daunting process, a new challenge has arisen: How to accept and incorporate into western science the traditional ecological knowledge and cultural norms that guide how indigenous communities use and manage natural resources.
是原文吗? |
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