poem 流派诗人的考古～

meiko_ll

来自yijiayingy 4.18跪着考完了一点不具体的回忆
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看到帖子里面狗主确认了是关于流派诗人的这篇阅读（目前在jj里标注的是poem）在帖子里看到，狗主貌似是确认啦〜
找到了考古于是发上来~~

R（人）写了一部testimony的诗集
P1：诗集由Objective按出版的，支持objectism（唯物主义）的风格，注重真实反映。与Romanticism的代表人Wordsworth（华兹华斯）Shelley（雪莱，就是那个写“冬天来了，春天还会远吗？”的那个英国诗人）的作品风格进行了对比。区别在于O认为详细的描述是好的，R认为是用符号超越情绪。好的
P2：R死了又又。出版了两本著作
P3：他的观点对法律，法庭上的辩护，公开演讲都有很大影响。

P1：说Charles Reznikoff这个人写了名叫作Testmony的诗歌作品，是他从当时的法庭案件中引用了很多到他的诗集中去，从而开创了一种诗歌形式叫“objectivism”。然后就出现了一大串的人名，他们是和Charles Reznikoff站在一边的，都是objectivists。之后对objectivists做了同位语解释，还说了是一种短暂但是颇有影响力的诗歌流派。然后就出现了强对比：说了与传统诗人的不同，客观形势和以前浪漫主义诗歌Romanisme不同的地方在于浪漫主义会用很多修辞和比喻来抒发感情，而这种“客观”的诗歌推崇诗本身是对象传统诗人又举了好像是两个人名（Wordsworth and Shelley）。这一段不要被这些人称吓到，只要记住他们是两拨对立的人就可以了.P2  
：说Charles Reznikoff这个人把他的一生都献给了这这部Testmony.1930年发表了前两卷; XXX年发表了后两卷，这里有一个小细节说，他在 两卷里面修改了他的艺术
。P3 :.又绕回去说查尔斯·列兹尼科夫一派和传统诗歌的不同就是传统诗歌比较注重表达情感和个人经验而查尔斯·列兹尼科夫认为应该客观地反映世界
P4 作者态度段）说了Charles Reznikoff的证词对于后来者的贡献在于他首次采用了司法演讲作为了诗歌的资源。另说，Charles Reznikoff用非人格语言也表达出了强大的情感。

原文：

      The first installment of Testimony waspublished in 1934 by the Objectivist Press, which had been started severalyears earlier to promote the views of poets including William Carlos Williams,Louis Zuk of sky, George Oppen, and Reznikoff himself .They were believers inObjectivism, a short-lived but still influential offshoot of poetic Modernism,the early 20th-century assault by T. S. Eliot,Ezra Pound, and others on theEnlightenment-influenced poetics of their predecessors. For the Objectivists,the poem was an object, not a report by the poet of what he or she thought orfelt. They rejected the emphasis by19th-century Romantic poets like Wordsworthand Shelley on the poet's subjective experience of transcendent meaning asdepicted through metaphor and symbol. (The title and opening line ofWordsworth's well-known poem about daffodils, "I wandered lonely as acloud," is a good example of the tendencies that the Objectivists judgedartificial and misleading.) The Objectivists believed that feeling and emotionshould come through the choice of details and the sound and appearance of wordson the page.

　　Reznikoffcontinued to work on Testimony throughout his life. In the 1960s, he publishedtwo new volumes (the first drawn from judicial opinions of 1885-1890, thesecondfrom opinions of 1891-1900); two additional volumes (1901-1910 and1911-1915)were published after his death. In each of the later volumes ,Reznikoff revisedhis art, reshaping the documentary material into syncopated lines of poetry.

　　The Negrowas dead/when the doctors examined him," a characteristic poem begins:They found upon his belly bruises: he died, the doctors said, of peritonitis.

　　While theshift in form draws even more attention to the language (as in the isolation of"bruises" in the lines just quoted), the later editions employ thesame third-person perspective, looking to the objective language of a judicialopinion, the words as words, rather than subjective experience or metaphor, forthe emotional intensity of the poem. With its use of judicial opinions as theraw material of poetry, Testimony radically undercuts the traditionalassumption that the poet works in a private sphere that is somehow separatefrom the pressures and pulls of the public domain. Not only is the poem anobject, but it is an object taken from the workaday world that poetstraditionally have viewed as unsuitable for poetry. Testimony never lets usforget that it is judicial opinions the poet is expounding.

Reznikoff's mostimportant innovation and chief legacy to subsequent poets was this use ofsocial speech, the public language of lawyers, to further the Modernist projectof drawing attention to the linguistic qualities of a poem. By juxtaposing thedescriptions of fact—the underlying story—of one case after another, he createdan emotionally powerful collage from the apparently impersonal language ofjudicial opinions, a collage that chronicles America's struggle with slaveryand its emergence as a commercial and industrial power.

1 关于testmony，作者的agree?

选客观的语言也可以在某种程度上表达出情感。（是文中最后一句话的inference）760/选了通过客观的语言，无需描述emotional reaction也可以从诗歌中体现感情，另外一个选项E中有一个词prose，是散文的意思，当初做题的时候不知道，但是猜测应该是一种无关的文体，所以就没选它。790

2 关于testimony的论述，infer下面哪个是正确的？选它是一个long-term project. 760 /发现testimony第一卷出版与1930年代，最后2卷在他死后才出版，longterm project。790

3 类比题。说CharlesReznikoff和Shelley的关系和以下的那两人的关系最像？

只要紧紧抓住Charles Reznikoff和Shelley是持有对立观点的就行了。

我的选项中带有Taylor这个人名，说他的观点是另一个人所反对的。 760

干扰选项：A是说一个人采用旧时的观点，被另一个人质疑。没选这个，因为记得文章里没说Shelley和Reznikoff不是同一个时代的人

其他的都不是。有这样的一些关系：有继承的、有revived的、有强烈支持一个被某个人支持过又abandoned的……

4 说CharlesReznikoff的testmony创新之处在什么地方？

选：采用了新的一种形式的诗歌来源和描述了新的事物。（大概是这个意思，定位在最后一段作者对于Testmony的评价） 760

5 主旨  选项有：通过写testimony来分析个什么问题；还有说是写testimony的重要性的。

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SONGER

感谢楼主！！！