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D3partures

三战，成绩不高够用就行
前面做太稳最后10题剩14分钟明显感觉掉库, 但是比起上次V22, 第一部分正确率只有38%真的好太多, 再次强调前10题真的很重要!!!cr没怎么认真看...记得考了路边放机器吸引蚊子的和蚊子和鱼的
阅读4中3，一篇测量鱼的年龄（题目的考古答案感觉不太靠谱，考场上遇到要好好斟酌），一篇hotel，一篇管理变革，这两篇都是机经题, 很全了. 还有一篇忘了，好像是讲美洲语言起源，有个关键词12000年的，麻烦考古. 机经的三篇除了鱼的年龄答案不太确定, 其他都同意机经答案
ir偏难，以前一直裸考8分今次只有4，建议看看机经
数学的话很多机经题，一直觉得好简单做得好顺，没有刻意做快最后剩下10分钟，但是只有50，不知道问题出在哪

附上曼哈顿5次CAT模考分数给大家参考
CAT2 V36 81%
CAT3 V35 76%
CAT4 V34 71%
CAT5 V36 81%
CAT6 V37 83%
最终实战 V33

啊吃顿牛蛙先，回去再想

D3partures

个人整理的机经回去发

ziyuenlau

1. 第一篇就是jj上没有的 说有一个方法 用来数海里目前到底有多少鱼是可以捕捞的 这样可以不会造成鱼数量的减少
   
2. 第一段 介绍这种方法 就是当鱼长到一定大的时候， 捞出来 根据它们耳骨的大小 来推测它们的年龄
   
3. 这样的话 第二年也可以知道多少鱼 3岁了 多少鱼4岁了
   
4. p2 p3 好像是说这个方法的使用方式？？
   
5. 主旨 狗主选的是 一个method的utility
   
6. 还有一个这种方法的assumption 构筑不会 选的是 要知道鱼啥时候hatched

复制代码

AppleStrudel（730）
测鱼群数量，死亡率（三段，属于中等长度文章）：
首段：测鱼群自然繁殖率。等到鱼长到商业捕捞网能够捕捞到的尺寸，捕捞鱼群。比如测cod 身上的环纹确定年龄（就好像年轮）。Vf
二段：测鱼的死亡率mortality, 只要看看每年剩下的一岁鱼，两岁鱼等各有多少（大概是这个意思）
三段：还想测在海里活着的鱼的数量，又想了个办法
V2(700)
捕鱼的，人们用一种方法测量雨的年龄以确定最佳捕鱼量。第二段作者认为这种方法有缺陷，因为它忽略了逃脱网的鱼的数量，然而这种方法为测量鱼群的总数量提供了clue，可以计算每年鱼群数量的增加与减少数
补充：只记得了观点题：将了什么什么东西的development
V3(760 V43)
测量最佳捕鱼量，一共三段，很难，关键混合了逻辑。
这种测量办法交SPV什么的，
1.Infer 题：the accuracy of SPV depends on what? 定位第三段，应该是technique of 什么什么的hatch。
2.根据目测得出的Morality的数据怎么样？inaccurate.
3.忘了
补充：
P1:开篇时要测最佳捕鱼量，提出了SPV这个方法。让小鱼可以不被渔网打捞，可以继续繁殖。
举例：说COD的年龄。
P2: 说测死亡率。
P3：But 还想测活着的鱼数量。这一段出现了分歧。说什么什么是inaccurate的。又把SPV方法拿出来说了。怎么怎么的。
补充：
那个最后一个问题应该是 本文的主旨，
我选的是 一个技术 解决了一个问题。。
第一题，我也不记得答案了，我觉得那个hatch 好像是的
第二题，我觉得应该是inaccurate那个

http://discovermagazine.com/1995/apr/twilightofthecod489

The result, in retrospect, seems entirely predictable. It may even seem astonishing that we let it happen: that in the space of two decades we let foreign ships all but wipe out one of our great natural resources. But the freedom of the high seas was a tradition that was not easily jettisoned. Moreover, except among fisheries scientists, and even among some of them, the old prejudice of an inexhaustible sea still held sway. No one thought you could overfish cod on the banks. By the mid-1970s, though, it was clear something had happened. The cod catch had plummeted to less than 200,000 tons off Newfoundland, and on Georges Bank to less than 30,000 tons. The haddock on Georges were practically gone. In 1977, with their fishermen screaming for help, both Canada and the United States extended their territorial waters out to the present limit, 200 miles offshore. That excluded foreign vessels from most of the fishing.

What is truly astonishing is what happened next. With the factory ships gone, both Canada and the United States had a chance to re-create a sustainable cod fishery. Neither country did. And the fact that biologists were still just getting to know cod--and still learning how to count their far from inexhaustible numbers--was to contribute to that failure, particularly in Newfoundland.

The basic idea is, once you’ve eaten all the fish, you know how many there used to be, says Ransom Myers, a population biologist in the Canadian DFO in St. John’s. That is how Myers explains virtual population analysis, which is the state of the art in fish counting. The state of the art in fish counting is not terribly good. Imagine that the only information demographers had about us was the number of murders committed each year and the results of the occasional Gallup poll. They would probably have a hard time estimating how many living Americans there are. So it is with fish-stock assessors: they have no direct information on how many fish are born, nor on how many die naturally. The only fish they can count are the dead ones on deck or dock. Yet they must decide how many fish are alive in the ocean, so that policymakers may decide how many may be caught without causing the population to collapse.

Virtual population analysis, or VPA, is the stock assessors’ solution. It works like this: Although researchers cannot measure how many cod are born in a given year, they can track the progress of that year class once its members are large enough to show up in fishermen’s nets. They do so by taking a small but representative sample of the catch as it is unloaded at port. In the laboratory, they determine the age of each fish by dissecting out a tiny ear bone, called an otolith, that has annual growth rings like those of a tree. After a year’s worth of sampling, dissecting, and ring counting, biologists can estimate how many of the cod that fishermen caught were three-year-olds, four-year-olds, and so on.

If they repeat this procedure year after year, they will eventually reach a point at which no more fish born in a given year are showing up on the dock, because all of them are already dead. Some of those fish were eaten by seals or died of heart attacks before fishermen could catch them, and so researchers take a guess at what percentage of the cod population that natural mortality eliminates each year. Adding that to the percentage caught by fishermen--the fishing mortality--and adding all the years together, they can count all the cod that were born in, say, 1984, and are now dead.

That alone does them little good, of course. What they want to know is how many fish of all ages are alive now. The VPA’s accurate census of the dead, though, allows researchers to calibrate their less accurate sources of information on the living. There are two such sources. Each is lousy in its own way.

The first source of information is research surveys--the fisheries equivalent of Gallup polls. The NMFS in Woods Hole and the DFO in St. John’s do these every year. Unlike fishermen, the poll takers do not go looking for fish; they take their research vessel to hundreds of randomly selected points, trawl, and see what they get. By repeating the same procedure every year with the same gear, they can track changes in a population. The survey does not give them an absolute head count, however, because they have no way of knowing how complete their sample is--how many fish are escaping their nets. But the VPA provides a clue. Since all the cod that were in the ocean in 1984 are now eaten and accounted for, researchers do know, belatedly, what relation the research survey from that year bore to the real world. Assuming they did the survey the same way in 1994, that gives them an idea of what the real 1994 numbers are.

A second way of getting a fix on the living fish population is to look at how hard fishermen are having to work. The fewer fish there are, the logic goes, the longer it will take to catch a given number. By keeping track, year after year, of how many fish fishermen catch for each day at sea, one can chart changes in the fish stock. With the help of the VPA, one can then translate that information into an assessment of the current stock. Both methods of counting fish--research surveys and the commercial catch per unit effort--were used in Newfoundland, with disastrous results.

Myers and his colleague Jeffrey Hutchings have devoted the past couple of years of their lives to deconstructing the disaster--and to second-guessing those of their DFO colleagues whose job is to count cod. You can’t live here and not be touched by what’s been happening, says Hutchings. My family is here seven generations. The fishery is everything. That’s it. There’s almost no industry; there’s no other natural resources except for some pulp and paper, a little bit of mining. It’s always been the fishery, and everything is linked to the fishery. So this kind of work is very different from other scientific work--if we get it wrong, this is going to affect a lot of people.

After the foreigners were kicked off the Newfoundland banks, a brief period of euphoria descended on the province. This was to be Newfoundland’s chance at last. Its inhabitants were poor, unemployed, and still living, some of them, in outports that could not be reached by road. Past efforts to diversify the economy had more or less failed. Maybe the path to the twentieth century lay with cod after all. The foreigners had shown just how many fish could be caught; now those fish would belong to Newfoundland. The government deliberately encouraged the expansion of the offshore fishery, even buying a major trawling company itself.

silverline7

想租到月底 LZ怎么联系？

D3partures

silverline7 发表于 2018-2-12 20:32
想租到月底 LZ怎么联系？

已私

Kingkelababy

楼主请问语文难度和曼哈顿模考难度相比怎么样呢

D3partures

Kingkelababy 发表于 2018-2-13 10:13
楼主请问语文难度和曼哈顿模考难度相比怎么样呢

曼哈顿的CR比较绕, SC和RC感觉难度相差不大