[求助]GWD-6-14, GWD-6-16

kth1219

Pls help me answer the two questions, I cannot understand why

Q14:

Political Advertisement:

Mayor Delmont’s critics complain about the
jobs that were lost in the city under Delmont’s leadership.  Yet the fact is that not only were more jobs
created than were eliminated, but the average pay for these new jobs has been
higher than the average pay for jobs citywide every year since Delmont took
office.  So there can be no question that
throughout Delmont’s tenure the average paycheck in this city has been getting
steadily bigger.

Which of the following, if true, most
strengthens the argument in the advertisement?

The
     average pay for jobs created in the city during the past three years was
     higher than the average pay for jobs created in the city earlier in Mayor
     Delmont’s tenure.

Average
     pay in the city was at a ten-year low when Mayor Delmont took office.

Some of
     the jobs created in the city during Mayor Delmont’s tenure have in the
     meantime been eliminated again.

The
     average pay for jobs eliminated in the city during Mayor Delmont’s tenure
     has been roughly equal every year to the average pay for jobs citywide.

The
     average pay for jobs in the city is currently higher than it is for jobs
     in the suburbs surrounding the city.

   Answer:

Q16:

Historian:
Newton
developed mathematical concepts and techniques that are fundamental to modern
calculus.  Leibniz developed closely
analogous concepts and techniques.  It
has traditionally been thought that these discoveries were independent.  Researchers have, however, recently
discovered notes of Leibniz’ that discuss one of Newton’s books on mathematics.  Several scholars have argued that since the
book includes a presentation of Newton’s
calculus concepts and techniques, and since
the notes were written before Leibniz’ own development of calculus concepts and
techniques, it is virtually certain that the traditional view is
false.  A more cautious conclusion than
this is called for, however.  Leibniz’ notes are limited to early
sections of Newton’s book, sections that precede
the ones in which Newton’s
calculus concepts and techniques are presented.

In the historian’s reasoning, the two
boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

The first
     provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian
     defends; the second is evidence that has been used to support an opposing
     position.

The first
     provides evidence in support of the overall position that the historian
     defends; the second is that position.

The first
     provides evidence in support of an intermediate conclusion that is drawn
     to provide support for the overall position that the historian defends;
     the second provides evidence against that intermediate conclusion.

The first
     is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian
     criticizes; the second is evidence offered in support of the historian’s
     own position.

The first
     is evidence that has been used to support a conclusion that the historian
     criticizes; the second is further information that substantiates that
     evidence.