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分享一下疑似原文的关于lament那篇
Recently, linguists have begun to focus on differences evident in many cultures in the ways men and women speak, and on the ways that men and women exercise power through control of example of such exercise of power appears in the culture of the Warao, an indigenous people of Venezuela. Through the custom of ritual mourning, in which lamentations are composed and sung exclusively by women, Warao women command an important and highly public forum for commenting on and affecting social processes.
The ritual inversion of ordinary discourse and social patterns that characterizes mourning provides women, who do not hold formal positions of authority in Warao culture, with a public forum parallel to that of community officials. Death moves all survivors except the singers of the laments to the margins of life, and normal activities are suspended. Food is neither procured nor eaten, and the house in which the mourning takes place become a spatial representation of such inversion, as the cooking fire is extinguished and the area becomes a funeral parlor. With normal activities suspended, the full attention of the community is directed to the lamentations.
Warao women, who otherwise are seldom involved in public discourse, use this forum to powerful effect.
Because reported (or invented) conversations between community members form a large part of the laments, the singers are able to reformulate and characterize the speech of others, as well as present their own views of events. In one lament, for example, the singer offers her own positive interpretation of her deceased son's behavior while characterizing community officials' discussions of that behavior not as the authoritative discourse of leaders but as “idle talk,” Warao mourners also use irony as an effective verbal strategy: they may, for example, use mocking epithets in reference to high-ranking figures.They undermine points of view with which they disagree by presenting them in a highly exaggerated fashion. Frequently, the laments explicitly lead to particular courses of action—one lament blaming youths from a neighboring township for the death of a local boy resulted in the banning of those youths from the mourners' community.
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发表于 2018-1-5 06:29:19
