我的听力训练

珍妮王小钰

//

珍妮王小钰

新信息

珍妮王小钰

*

maggieljj

感谢分享！               

珍妮王小钰

.

agnes_suda

总结得好棒！

珍妮王小钰

agnes_suda 发表于 2017-10-13 15:51
总结得好棒！

:

珍妮王小钰

.

珍妮王小钰

，

珍妮王小钰

scientists can identify不记 the type of plant from ancient remains. （记remains是没有用的）（记新信息，有实义的~~）plant type才是最重要的大 N V无用， 先知N（主人）再后面加adj v 才是有意义的
选对的 不选错的。
听力用定位：

1.What does the professor mainly discuss?

A.The roleû of physicsû in the discovery of Neolithic religious sites.

B.The sound effects that Neolithic people could experience in passage graves.

C.Evidence that passage graves were designed to function as calendars.û

D.A debateX about the role of sound in passage grave ceremonies.

2.Why does the professor mention an Egyptian pyramid?

A.To contrast its purpose with that of monuments found in the British Isles.

B.To compare the architectural styles of two Neolithic cultures.

C.To describe the outer shape of passage graves[定位，没出现] in Great Britain Ireland.

D.To help students understand how long ago passage graves were built.√

3.According to the professor, what is one effect produced by standing waves in apassage grave chamber?

A.Light 没有fills the chamber on certain days of the year.

B.Drums【下一段出现的】 resonate loudly without being played by humans.

C.The floor and walls 【没有】of the chamber seem to shake.

D.The intensity of sound varies greatly throughout the chamber.√

4. Whydoes the professor mention a bottle?【举例往前找了】

A. Toillustrate the shape of the interior of a passage grave.

B. Todescribe part of a Neolithic burial ceremony.

C. To helpexplain how resonance is produced.

D. To givean example of an artifact found in a Neolithic site.

TPO14-Lecture 4Archaeology

Narrator:

Listen topart of the lecture in the archaeology class

• Egyptian pyramid ceiling   overlapping  dead buried
  

连读： buil by

Whenwe think of large monumental structures built by early societies, an Egyptianpyramid probably comes to mind. But there are some even earlier structures inthe British Isles also worth discussing, /and besides the well-known circle ofmassive stones of Stonehenge, which don’t get me wrong is remarkable enough,well, other [另。 讲其他 的了]impressive Neolithic structures are found there too. /Oh, yes, weare talking about the Neolithic period here, also called new Stone Age, whichwas the time时间词 before stone tools began to be replaced by tools made by bronzeand other metals. 主要讨论时间：It was about 5000 years ago, even before the first Egyptianpyramid 强调时间早~that some of amazing Neolithic monuments---tombs, were erected at thevarious sites around Ireland, Great Britain and costal islands nearby. I amreferring particular to structures that in some cases, look like ordinarynatural hills. But were definitely build by humans, well-organized communitiesof humans to enclose a chamber or room within stone walls and sometimes with ahigh, cleverly designed ceiling of overlapping stones. These structures areà calledPassage Graves, because the inner chamber, sometime several chambers in fact,could only be entered from the outside through a narrow passageway.

• flooded with充满阳光 sunlight
  

Michael:

Excuseme, professor, but you said Passage Graves. Were these just monuments to honorthe dead buried there or were they designed to be used somehow by the living?

Professor:

Ah, yes!Good question, Michael.Besides being built as tombs, some of these PassageGraves were definitely what we might call Astronomical Calendars, with chambersthey flooded with充满阳光 sunlight on the certain special days of the year, whichmust’ve seemed miraculous and inspired a good dealer of religious wonder. Butresearch indicates that not just light but also{不记only} the physics of sound help toenhance this religious experience.

Michael:How so?

Professor:

Well,first the echoes. When a religious leader started chanting with echoes bouncingoff the stone walls over and over again, it must seem like a whole chorus ofother voices, spirits of God maybe joining in. But even more intriguing is whatphysicists called Standing Waves. Basically, the phenomenon of Standing Wavesoccurs when sound waves of the same frequency reflect off the walls and meetfrom opposite directions. So, the volume seems to alternate between very loudand very soft. You can stand quite near a man singing in loud voice and hardlyhear him. Yet step a little further away and this voice is almost deafening. Asyou move around the chamber, the volume of the sound goes way up and way down,depending on where you are in these standing waves. And often the acoustic makeit hard to identify where sounds are coming from. It’s as if powerful voicesthat are speaking to you or chanting from inside your own head. This had toengender powerful sense of awe in Neolithic worshipers. And another bit ofphysics at played here is something called Resonance.

Iam no physicist, but well I imagine you have all blown air over the top ofempty bottle and heard the sounds it makes. And you’ve probably noticed thatdepending on its size--- each empty bottle plays one particular musical note.Or as a physicist might put it, each bottle resonates at a particularfrequency. Well, that’s true of these chambers too. If you make a constantnoise inside the chamber, maybe by steadily beating drum at certain rate, aparticular frequency of sound will resonate. We will ring out intensely,depending on the size of chamber. In some of large chambers though, theseintensified sound may be too deep for us to hear, we can feel it. We aremysteriously agitated by it….but it is not a sound our ears can hear. Thepsychological effects of all these extraordinary sounds can be profound,especially when they seem so disconnected from the human doing drumming orchanting.

Andthere can be observable physical effects on people too. In fact, the sounds cancause headaches, feelings of dizziness, increased heart rate, that sort ofthing, you see.  

Anyway,what was experienced inside one of these Passage Graves clearly could be farmore intense than the everyday reality outside, which made them very specialplaces. But back to your question, Michael, as to whether these Graves weredesigned to be used by the living. Well, certainly, with regard to astronomicalor calendar function. That seems pretty obvious, and I wanna go into moredetail on that now.