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LZ第二篇能帮忙看一下是这个吗? 谢谢
Women’s grassroots activism and their vision of a new civic
consciousness lay at the heart of social reform in the United States
throughout the Progressive Era, the period between the depression of
1893 and America’s entry into the Second World War. Though largely
disenfranchised except for school elections, white middle-class women
reformers won a variety of victories, notably in the improvement of
working conditions, especially for women and children. Ironically,
though, child labor legislation pitted women of different classes against
one another. To the reformers, child labor and industrial home work
were equally inhumane practices that should be outlawed, but, as a
number of women historians have recently observed, working-class
mothers did not always share this view. Given the precarious finances of
working-class families and the necessity of pooling the wages of as
many family members as possible, working-class families viewed the
passage and enforcement of stringent child labor statutes as a personal
economic disaster and made strenuous efforts to circumvent child labor
laws. Yet reformers rarely understood this resistance in terms of the
desperate economic situation of working-class families, interpreting it
instead as evidence of poor parenting. This is not to dispute women
reformers’ perception of child labor as a terribly exploitative practice,
but their understanding of child labor and their legislative solutions for
ending it failed to take account of the economic needs of working-class
families.
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