Richard 770 逻辑答题讨论

RichardVeritas

会长美美哒 发表于 2017-9-5 13:51
Columnist: In these times of fiscal correctness, it is heresy to call for expansionary fiscal policy ...

我选C

heresy to call for expansionary fiscal policy
即使不知道heresy意思，看下句Yet...，可以猜测它有一定负面，保留

Yet sound economic principles call for such a prescription
sound这个词要会，是好的意思
然而,合乎逻辑的economic principles会建议这样做

even if it sounds like...
即使这样做听起来像..(后面是负面的信息)

这样看下来，作者是正面支持expansionary fiscal policy的。那看答案哪个会帮助支持这个expansionary fiscal policy
C 有这个意思。expansionary fiscal policy , leading to more expenditure, encourage the revival of a depressed economy
A - most governments have adopted a conservative attitude 无关expansionary fiscal policy
B- welcomed by companies 无关revive the economy
D- import, trade deficit 无关revive the economy, 而且方向相反
E- reaction in the market 无关revive the economy

RichardVeritas

会长美美哒 发表于 2017-9-5 15:26
这道题，楼主看选啥？看了答案 不服～！

答案E?

答案必须要解释为什么main networks广告收入下降，而对比local channels财政没受影响.

A - 只谈了main networks. 没有解释这个对比。而且降低单价，并不一定降低总体收入。
B, D - 也包括A。如果local channels收入来源相同，可以影响main networks的任何因素，都可以影响local channels. 至少答案中没有给出任何解释为什么它们没有影响到local channels，所以无法解释题干矛盾。
C- local channels今年和去年， 无关
E- 则指出一个显著区别- local channels 不是靠广告赚钱，所以main networks广告收入下降，而对比local channels财政没受影响.

Sueyu

会长美美哒 发表于 2017-9-3 12:59
来一题～
Capital punishment is a barbaric and outdated practice. If it were possible to ascertain gu ...

好的 谢谢您~

ai559031

会长美美哒 发表于 2017-8-29 12:23
谢谢楼主！
充分啊必要啊，时不时一左一右已经拎不清了。没习惯这个方法。

蠻有趣的題目～
請問這些是哪裡的邏輯題啊？曼哈頓嗎？？

如果是我的話會這解釋A選項：
今天如果： P--> Q
但是卻無法 Q--> P
舉例來說 男人-->人類; 但是卻不能反過來說 人類-->男人


所以回歸題目
take festival seriously (P)  --> dress up (Q)
無法反推dress up就會take festival seriously, 所以A是錯的

会长美美哒

ai559031 发表于 2017-9-6 23:30
蠻有趣的題目～
請問這些是哪裡的邏輯題啊？曼哈頓嗎？？

是veritas家的题哈～
虽然对原文的逻辑链，按照你的缩写的话，我觉得是，Q-P？

会长美美哒

RichardVeritas 发表于 2017-9-6 10:40
我选C

heresy to call for expansionary fiscal policy

3Q！ 了解了～
自己再试了下。确实是，到现在最后corportion slump啥的还是觉得看不懂。

但运用转折，关键词啊确实能理清主旨。
然后找支持那个policy的，好像也可以做对诶。

会长美美哒

RichardVeritas 发表于 2017-9-6 10:49
答案E?

答案必须要解释为什么main networks广告收入下降，而对比local channels财政没受影响.

谢谢！对的！ 答案E
当时AE徘徊。
A解释得棒！

RichardVeritas

会长美美哒 发表于 2017-9-10 15:56
3Q！ 了解了～
自己再试了下。确实是，到现在最后corportion slump啥的还是觉得看不懂。

这就对了，我也到没特别看corportion slump啥意思。阅读做题要注意看大局，必要的细节再深入确认。Veritas Prep对阅读理解提到STOP Scope, Tone, Organization & Purpose.  这里Tone, 可以说是感情色彩，在逻辑中和阅读中作者有论点意见时是很重要的信息。要能读出来。像中文听人说话，不只是字面意思，可以听出话中有话，言下之意。人类语言有很多共同的地方，汉语英语都有类似的表达需要。

RichardVeritas

再贴一个这种思路解题例子
CR-7f112k (not sure what this means)


The number of applications for teaching positions in Newtown's public schools was 5.7 percent lower in 1993 than in 1985 and 5.9 percent lower in 1994 than in 1985. Despite a steadily growing student population and an increasing number of teacher resignations, however, Newtown dose not face a teacher shortage in the late 1990's.

Which of the following, if true, would contribute most to an explanation of the apparent discrepancy above?

• AMany of Newtown's public school students do not graduate from high school.
• BNew housing developments planned for Newtown are slated for occupancy in 1997 and are expected to increase the number of elementary school students in Newtown's public schools by 12 percent.
• CThe Newtown school board does not contemplate increasing the ratio of students to teachers in the 1990's.
• DTeachers' colleges in and near Newtown produced fewer graduates in 1994 than in 1993.
• EIn 1993 Newtown's public schools received 40 percent more applications for teaching positions than there were positions available.
  

1. 找出argument & line of argument 或矛盾体
applications 5.7 percent lower in 1993 than in 1985, 5.9 percent lower in 1994 than in 1985
growing student population and an increasing number of teacher resignations, however, not face a teacher shortage

2. 分析逻辑
两个逻辑事物
A applications lower
B teacher shortage

找茬 - 这两个事物是有分别的。如果要解释这个看上去矛盾体，要聚焦在两者之间的区别。好比，尽管applications lower， 如果申请人质量高，录取雇佣率高，也可以解释这个apparent discrepancy

3. 看答案
看到E时，它说的解释类似，也是关于两者之间的区别。1993 40 percent more applications than positions available.
在1993年，applications 5.7 percent lower in 1993 than in 1985， 这样情况下，申请还是多于需要雇佣的教师40%。那当然不会因为申请数量下降导致教师位置招不够人。

关键是找到A->B，然后集中逻辑思维在A->B来考核答案。

每个逻辑题都有一些要琢磨的地方。但如果用标准思路来训练，会sharper逻辑思维能力，不光能解决标准题型，也更容易应用于不是那么标准的题型中。

会长美美哒

又来一题！ Often patients with ankle fractures that are stable, and thus do not require surgery, are given follow-up x-rays because their orthopedists are concerned about possibly having misjudged the stability of the fracture. When a number of follow-up x-rays were reviewed, however, all the fractures that had initially been judged stable were found to have healed correctly. Therefore, it is a waste of money to order follow-up x-rays of ankle fracture initially judged stable.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A.        Doctors who are general practitioners rather than orthopedists are less likely than orthopedists to judge the stability of an ankle fracture correctly.
B.        Many ankle injuries for which an initial x-ray is ordered are revealed by the x-ray not to involve any fracture of the ankle.
C.        X-rays of patients of many different orthopedists working in several hospitals were reviewed.
D.        The he1aling of ankle fractures that have been surgically repaired is always checked by means of a follow-up x-ray.
E.        Orthopedists routinely order follow-up x-rays for fractures of bone other than ankle bones.

OA：C
OG上的解释
But was the x-ray data truly representative of orthopedists generally? After all, some orthopedists—perhaps more experienced, better-trained, or employed at a facility with better staff or facilities—may be much better than others at judging ankle fractures. If we add the information that the data for the conclusion comes from many orthopedists working at many different hospitals, we have greater assurance that the x-ray data is representative, and the argument will be made much stronger.

C Correct. This shows that the sample of x-ray data examined was probably sufficiently representative of cases of ankle fracture judged to be stable by orthopedists.
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我还是觉得超级牵强！ 这个选项想讲的是，样本多了。
可是，大家都这样做，跟浪不浪费没关系嘛。比如说，一个小医院里存在浪费，其他大医院也一样浪费