今天做了套曼哈顿模考 真心被虐 V错了21道 才28分 好多不会的 逻辑看题都看不懂了 求大神解答
[size=12.0012px]1. Officials of the Youth Hockey League and parents of players in the league have become concerned with the number of flagrant fouls occurring during league games. This past season, the number of flagrant fouls was double the number from the season before. League officials plan to reduce the number of such fouls during the coming season by implementing mandatory suspensions for players who commit flagrant fouls.
Which of the following statements, if true, provides the best evidence that the officials’ plan will be effective? [size=12.0012px] | | Most serious injuries occurring during league games are a direct result of flagrant fouls. | | | League referees have been trained to recognize flagrant fouls and to report incidents involving such fouls. | | | Parents of players in the league are in support of mandatory suspensions for flagrant fouls. | | | A similar league suspends players for committing flagrant fouls; this league has a relatively low incidence of flagrant fouls when compared with the Youth Hockey League. | | | Most players in the league strive to be selected for the All-Star team, and league rules state that no player with a record of suspension shall be selected for the All-Star team. |
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League officials plan to reduce the number of flagrant fouls by implementing mandatory suspensions for players who commit such fouls. This plan will work only if the punishment serves to deter players from committing flagrant fouls.
(A) The cause of injuries has no bearing on whether suspensions will deter players from committing flagrant fouls.
(B) While the referees’ effectiveness in recognizing and reporting flagrant fouls will surely aid in the implementation of the new policy, this has no bearing on whether the policy will deter players from committing flagrant fouls.
(C) The parents’ opinion has no bearing on whether the suspensions will deter players from committing flagrant fouls.
(D) While we might conclude that the other, similar league has a low incidence of flagrant fouls because it suspends players who commit such fouls, we have no evidence to show that the suspensions actually deter players from committing fouls. It is entirely possible that the other league has a low incidence of flagrant fouls for other reasons. For example, maybe the players in the other league are just inherently less aggressive.
(E) CORRECT. If players want to make the All-Star team, and if a record of suspension precludes these players from being selected for the team, then players are less likely to commit fouls that will lead to suspensions.
[size=12.0012px]2. Adoption agency representative: It is true that eight of our last ten babies have been placed with parents who were personally acquainted with at least one of our staff members before initiating the adoption process. However, there is no truth to the accusation against us of favoritism; our decisions have been guided solely by the best interests of the children. Indeed, all ten babies' new parents far surpassed the adoption criteria set both by the law and by our own policy.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the representative's argument depends? | | The agency's prior placements of babies with parents who were previously acquainted with its staff have not, in general, been more successful than those with parents unacquainted with the staff. | | | Of those prospective parents who substantially surpassed the criteria for adoption, most were personally acquainted with agency staff before beginning the application process. | | | For a time period equal in duration to that during which the data were collected, the average number of babies placed by the agency is close to ten. | | | Most prospective parents who apply to adopt babies do not meet the agency's criteria for adoption. | | | The agency will only place babies with parents who not only meet the legal and institutional criteria for adoption, but who in fact surpass those criteria. |
(1) Identify the Question Type
The word "assumption" in the question stem indicates that this is a Find the Assumption question.
(2) Deconstruct the Argument
According to the argument, the adoption agency has awarded the majority of its recent placements to parents who were personally acquainted with agency staff. The argument denies that this discrepancy is a sign of favoritism toward certain applicants, on the grounds that all ten placements were made with parents who surpassed the agency's (and the law's) criteria for adoption.
(3) State the Goal
On Find the Assumption questions, we're looking for something that the author must believe to be true in order to draw the given conclusion. The argument concludes that the agency did not engage in favoritism because all of the chosen parents surpassed the adoption criteria. However, the argument is also assuming that, among all well-qualified applicants, there was no favoritism toward individuals who were personally acquainted with the agency staff.
For example, suppose there were 100 fully qualified families and only 8 of them were personally acquainted with the staff; those 8 happened to be chosen, while only 2 of 92 qualified applicants who were not acquainted with staff were chosen. If that were true, it would undermine the author's claim that the agency did not show any favoritism. The author must be assuming that this is NOT the case.
(4) Work from Wrong to Right
(A) The argument is concerned only with whether a bias toward personally acquainted applicants is present or absent; it is not concerned with whether such a bias may, in fact, lead to placements that are more successful in the long term.
(B) CORRECT. For the argument to establish lack of bias toward certain applicants, the proportion of "previously acquainted" people among those applicants chosen for placement must reflect the corresponding proportion among all applicants. In other words, if eight out of the ten parents actually chosen were personally acquainted with the staff, then a similar majority of all applicants should have been similarly acquainted with the staff. Alternatively, use the negation test. If this statement is false, then the majority of qualified applicants were in fact unacquainted with agency staff – a situation in which the placement of eight of ten babies with personally acquainted applicants is a clear signal of bias. Since the negation of this statement defeats the argument, the original statement must be assumed.
(C) The argument is concerned only with determining whether a bias is demonstrated by the agency's ten most recent placements; it does not involve the idea of whether those placements were made at a typical rate.
(D) Applicants who do not meet the criteria are irrelevant; the argument is concerned with determining whether a bias exists among fully qualifiedapplicants. Therefore, the relative proportion of unqualified candidates among all applicants does not affect the argument.
(E) Although all ten of the agency's most recent placements may indeed have been placed with parents who "far surpassed" the criteria, there is nothing in the argument to suggest that all successful applicants must substantially surpass those criteria (as opposed to simply meeting or fulfilling them).
[size=12.0012px]3. Many buyers of fashion clothing are inclined to contribute to charitable organizations, and are more likely to purchase clothing from companies that donate a portion of their profits to charity. Next weekend, a variety of fashion clothing retailers will hold sample sales at a downtown event; the event’s organizers plan to hand out flyers listing which of the retailers donate to charity from their profits, in the hope of increasing those companies’ sales at the event.
[size=12.0012px]Which of the following, if true, most calls into question the claim that the organizers' plan will result in increased sales for certain retailers?
[size=12.0012px] | | The cost to the organizers of designing and printing the flyers is equivalent to half an average day’s worth of sample-sale profits for one of the retailers at the event.
| | | Many of the retailers who donate profits to charity do so in order to garner tax breaks, rather than for purely altruistic reasons.
| | | Among the retailers who will hold sample sales at next week’s event, those that donate a portion of their profits to charity far outnumber those that do not.
| | | Of the retailers at the event that donate a portion of their profits to charity, most have publicized those donations extensively in their advertising.
| | | Many of the retailers who donate a portion of their profits to charity vary that portion from season to season, allocating a greater portion of their profits to charity during peak sales seasons.
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(1) Identify the Question Type
The language if true and calls into question indicate that this is a Weaken question. (2) Deconstruct the Argument
The argument first establish the fact that buyers of fashion clothing are more likely to purchase from a particular company if that company donates money to charity as a result. As a result, the organizers of a particular event plan to publicize the specific companies that donate a portion of sales revenues to charity. The stated goal is to increase those companies revenues, so the organizers are assuming that informing potential buyers of this fact will cause them to buy more from those particular companies. (3) State the Goal
The correct answer should Weaken, or make somewhat less valid, the idea that publicizing the charitable companies will cause buyers to buy more from those companies. (4) Work from Wrong to Right
(A) The cost of producing the flyers is irrelevant to the retailers' revenues. This would be true even if the retailers were paying for the flyers, but this answer choice talks only of the cost for the organizers.
(B) The organizers’ plan is not concerned with why the retailers donate to charity. Rather, it is concerned with whether the charitable retailers will earn more sales as a result of publicizing this fact to buyers.
(C) The relative numbers of retailers who donate to charity and retailers who don’t are irrelevant. The organizers’ plan is to help the retailers that domake donations, regardless of how many such retailers there are.
(D) CORRECT. If the retailers that do make donations have already given the donations heavy publicity, then it is less likely that the flyers will have an impact, as potential buyers might know this information already. This choice directly attacks the organizers' assumption that publicizing the information will cause buyers to change their buying behavior.
(E) The amount or proportion of profits donated to charity by the retailers is irrelevant to the argument. The only distinction made between retailers is between those that donate to charity and those that do not.
[size=12.0012px]4. Small community hospitals in poor urban areas almost always operate at a loss due to an unfortunate cycle of factors. High revenue specialists, such as surgeons, flock to hospitals that are more prestigious and can afford to pay higher salaries. Aware of this, local residents patronize the more affluent nearby hospitals when they need specialty care or forgo care entirely, while only utilizing the local hospital for low-margin routine care. Further, a significant majority of the community uses government health plans, which reimburse poorly for routine care, or lacks insurance entirely and cannot pay. The local hospital then loses money and cannot afford to hire specialists to conduct the higher-margin specialty care.
Which of the following, if it could be accomplished, would best help small community hospitals to break the pattern described above? [size=12.0012px] | | Negotiate higher reimbursement rates for specialty care with both government health plans and private insurers. | | | Advertise the hospital's specialty care services in the local community as well as nearby communities to attract more business. | | | Partner with a nearby affluent hospital to contract its specialists on a part-time, as-needed basis, which is more affordable than hiring these specialists full time. | | | Launch a community outreach campaign to educate the public about the low reimbursement rates of government health plans compared with the high rates paid by private insurers. | | | Negotiate with private insurers for higher reimbursement rates for routine care. |
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We are given a list of problematic events, each one leading to the next, and we are asked to find a way to break the cycle of events. In order to do so, we need to find a way to alter one of these events in such a way that it will change the overall cycle so that small community hospitals are no longer losing money (at least, for these particular reasons).
(A) The reimbursement rates for specialty care are not a part of the problematic cycle; rather, the relatively low volume of specialty care at community hospitals is the problem. If the hospital is doing very little or no specialty care work in the first place, then charging more for specialty care won't help much.
(B) Even if the hospital successfully advertises its specialty care services and attracts a lot of new customers, it will not be able to serve these customers because it does not have the necessary specialists in place to provide the specialty care. This choice does not "follow through" the entire cycle.
(C) CORRECT. Since the local residents choose to patronize the nearby affluent hospitals due to the presence of specialists, they will also begin to patronize the community hospital, which is using these same specialists. The amount of high-margin specialty care will increase and the hospital will make more money, thus enabling it to continue using specialists.
(D) The mere act of educating the public about the relatively low reimbursement rates of government health plans does not directly impact the hospital or break the cycle. In order for this to work, the hospital would have to find some way to increase reimbursement rates for routine care from the government plans or convert people from government plans to private insurers that reimburse at better rates.
(E) Most of the community hospital's patients are either on government-funded plans or lack insurance altogether. Receiving more money from private insurers, therefore, is unlikely to generate enough revenue to break the cycle.
最后这道题感觉没有逻辑性啊 缺什么就补什么？ 感觉太浅了不符合gmat的feel啊 不过这道题是600-700库的 前三道是700-800库的
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发表于 2017-3-8 16:29:19
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后悔了。