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OG 16 阅读 In current historiography....

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楼主
发表于 2016-12-15 11:45:34 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
In current historiography, the picture of a consistent, unequivocal decline in women’s status with the advent of capitalism and industrialization is giving way to an analysis that not only emphasizes both change (whether improvement or decline) and continuity but also accounts for geographical and occupational variation. The history of women’s work in English farmhouse cheese making between 1800 and 1930 is a case in point. In her influential Women Workers and the Industrial Revolution (1930), Pinchbeck argued that the agricultural revolution of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, with its attendant specialization and enlarged scale of operation, curtailed women’s participation in the business of cheese production. Earlier, she maintained, women had concerned themselves with feeding cows, rearing calves, and even selling the cheese in local markets and fairs. Pinchbeck thought that the advent of specialization meant that women’s work in cheese dairying was reduced simply to processing the milk. “Dairymen” (a new social category) raised and fed cows and sold the cheese through factors, who were also men. With this narrowing of the scope of work, Pinchbeck believed, women lost business ability, independence, and initiative.

Though Pinchbeck portrayed precapitalist, preindustrial conditions as superior to what followed, recent scholarship has seriously questioned the notion of a golden age for women in precapitalist society. For example, scholars note that women’s control seldom extended to the disposal of the proceeds of their work. In the case of cheese, the rise of factors may have compromised women’s ability to market cheese at fairs. But merely selling the cheese did not necessarily imply access to the money: Davidoff cites the case of an Essex man who appropriated all but a fraction of the money from his wife’s cheese sales.

By focusing on somewhat peripheral operations, moreover, Pinchbeck missed a substantial element of continuity in women’s participation: throughout the period women did the central work of actually making cheese. Their persistence in English cheese dairying contrasts with women’s early disappearance from arable agriculture in southeast England and from American cheese dairying. Comparing these three divergent developments yields some reasons for the differences among them. English cheese-making women worked in a setting in which cultural values, agricultural conditions, and the nature of their work combined to support their continued participation. In the other cases, one or more of these elements was lacking.


Q4 :- It can be inferred from the passage that women did work in
A American cheesemaking at some point prior to industrialization
B arable agriculture in northern England both before and after the agricultural revolution
C arable agriculture in southeast England after the agricultural revolution, in those locales in which cultural values supported their participation
D the sale of cheese at local markets in England even after the agricultural revolution
E some areas of American cheese dairying after industrialization




百思不得其解,early disappearance 我以为就是prior to industrialization,那么就应该是这段时间没有工作。和A相反。
为什么C不对?
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沙发
 楼主| 发表于 2016-12-15 22:45:21 | 只看该作者
板凳
 楼主| 发表于 2016-12-20 05:28:51 | 只看该作者
地板
 楼主| 发表于 2016-12-30 02:26:14 | 只看该作者
人气不足啊
5#
发表于 2016-12-31 02:10:50 | 只看该作者
English cheese-making women worked in a setting in which cultural values, agricultural conditions, and the nature of their work combined to support their continued participation.
6#
 楼主| 发表于 2016-12-31 03:21:31 | 只看该作者
还是不懂
7#
发表于 2017-5-18 12:50:53 | 只看该作者
Their persistence in English cheese dairying contrasts with women’s early disappearance from arable agriculture in southeast England and from American cheese dairying.

句子没有看明白吧。 这句话说的是英国的奶产品制作是一直继续的,但是英国东南地区的妇女农业工作和美国奶酪制作工作却消失了。
8#
发表于 2018-11-29 16:11:36 | 只看该作者
这句话理解的不大对 early disappear不要对应到 pre 工业化那段时期  early只是一个形容词 强调了 英国东南部和美国cheese早早消失了 和 前面说的 英国 cheese dairing作对比而已。
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