【作文6.0小分队】范文分享，回馈CD，祝大家都杀G顺利

人间烟火Sue

张思男❤️ 发表于 2016-11-23 19:18
stay hungry stay foolish

同意！               

人间烟火Sue

   我就知道一发出来就会乱，格式得编辑编辑再编辑....

   然而还是会有合在一起的地方，辛苦大家将就一下了。

     【11】   

      

      The conclusion in this argument is that the state legislature need not consider the

views ofprotesting students. To support this conclusion, the author points out thatonly

200 ofthe 12,000 students traveled to the state capitol to voice their concerns about

proposedcuts in college programs. Since the remaining students did not take part inthis

protest,the author concludes they are not interested in this issue. The reasoning inthis

argument is flawed for two reasons.

       First, the author assumes that because only one-tenth of the students took part in

theprotest, these students' views are unrepresentative of the entire student body.This

assumptionis unwarranted. If it turns out, for example, that the protesting students were

randomlyselected from the entire student body, their views would reflect the views of

theentire college. Without information regarding the way in which the protesting

studentswere selected, it is presumptuous to conclude that their opinions fail to reflect

the opinions of their colleagues.

       Second, the author cites the fact that the remaining 12,000 students stayed on

campus orleft for winter break as evidence that they are not concerned about their

education.One obvious rejoinder to this line of reasoning is that the students who did

notparticipate did so when they that their concerns would be expressed by the

protestingstudents. In any case, the author has failed to demonstrate a logical

connectionbetween the students' alleged lack of concern and the fact that they either

stayed oncampus or left for winter break. Without this connection, the conclusion

reachedby the author that the remaining 12,000 students are not concerned about their

education is unacceptable.

       As it stands, the argument is not well reasoned. To make it logically acceptable,

theauthor would have to demonstrate that the protesting students had some

characteristicin common that biases their views, thereby nullifying their protest as

representative of the entire college.

人间烟火Sue

【12】      

      The recommendation endorsed in this argument is that residents of San Perdito

votecurrent mayor Montoya out of office, and re-elect former mayor Varro. Thereasons

cited arethat during Montoya's four years in office the population has decreased while

unemploymenthas increased, whereas during Varro's term unemployment declined

while thepopulation grew. This argument involves the sort of gross oversimplification

andemotional appeal typical of political rhetoric; for this reason it is unconvincing.

       First of all, the author assumes that the Montoya administration caused the

unemploymentin San Perdito as well as its population loss. The line of reasoning is that

becauseMontoya was elected before the rise in unemployment and the decline in

population,the former event caused the latter. But this is fallacious reasoning unless

otherpossible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example,

perhaps astatewide or nationwide recession is the cause of these events. Or perhaps the

currenteconomic downturn is part of a larger picture of economic cycles and trends,

and hasnothing to do with who happens to be mayor. Yet another possibility is that

Varroenjoyed a period of economic stability and Varro's own administration set the

stage forthe unemployment and the decline in population the city is now experiencing

under Montoya.

       Secondly,job availability and the economic health of one's community are issues

thataffect people emotionally. The argument at hand might have been intentionally

oversimplifiedfor the specific purpose of angering citizens of San Perdito, and thereby

turningthem against the incumbent mayor. Arguments that bypass relevant, complex

reasoningin favor of stirring up emotions do nothing to establish their conclusions;they

are also unfair to the parties involved.

       In conclusion, I would not cast my vote for Varro on the basis of this weak

argument.The author must provide support for the assumption that Mayor Montoya has

causedSan Perdito's poor economy. Moreover, such support would have to involve

examiningand eliminating other possible causal factors. Only with more convincing

evidence could this argument become more than just an emotional appeal.

人间烟火Sue

天气这么好，大家应该学习起来了~

人间烟火Sue

      

【13】

         The conclusion of this argument is thatadvertising the reduced price of selected

items inthe Daily Gazette will result in increased sales overall. To support it, theauthor

cites aninformal poll conducted by sales clerks when customers purchased advertised

items.Each time one or more of the advertised items was sold, the clerks askedwhether

thecustomer had read the ad. It turned out that two-thirds of 200 shoppersquestioned

said thatthey had read the ad. In addition, of those who reported reading the ad, more

than half spent over $100 in the store. This argument is unconvincing for two reasons.

       To begin with, the author's line of reasoning is that the advertisement was the

cause ofthe purchase of the sale items. However, while the poll establishes a ion

betweenreading the ad and purchasing sale items, and also indicates a correlation,

thoughless significantly, between reading the ad and buying non-sale t does not

establisha general causal relationship between these events. To establish this

relationship,other factors that could bring about this result must be 'red and eliminated.

Forexample, if the four days during which the poll was conducted preceded

Thanksgivingand the advertised items were traditionally associated with this holiday,

then the results of the poll would be extremely biased and unreliable.

       Moreover,the author assumes that the poll indicates that advertising certain sale

willcause a general increase in sales. But the poll does not even address the issueof

increasedoverall sales; it informs us mainly that, of the people who purchased sales

items,more had read the ad than not. A much clearer indicator of the ad'seffectiveness

would bea comparison of overall sales on days the ad ran with overall sales on

otherwise similar days when the ad did not run.

       In sum, this argument is defective mainly because the poll does not support the

conclusionthat sales in general will increase when reduced-price products are

advertisedin the Daily Gazette. To strengthen the argument, the author must, at the very

least,provide comparisons of overall sales reports as described above.

人间烟火Sue

大家没有回复，我也不知道大家有没有看呀...有在好好学习吗？

人间烟火Sue

  【14】

      In an attempt to sell radio advertising time, this ad claims that radio advertising

will makebusinesses more profitable. The evidence cited is a ten percent increase in

businessthat the Cumquat Cafe has experienced in the year during which it advertised

on thelocal radio station. This argument is unconvincing because two questionable

assumptionsmust be made for the stated evidence to support the authors conclusion.

       The first assumption is that radio advertising alone has caused the increase in

businessat the Cumquat Cafe. This assumption is questionable because it overlooks a

number ofother factors that might have contributed to the Cumquat's success. For

example,the Cumquat might have changed owners or chefs; it might have launched a

coupon adcampaign in the local print media; or it might have changed or updated the

menu. Yetanother possibility is that a local competitor went out of business. These are

just afew of the factors that could help explain the Cumquat's growth. Because the

authorfails to eliminate these possibilities, the assumption in question need not be

accepted.

       Evenif it is granted that radio advertising is responsible for the Cumquat's

success,another assumption must be made before we can conclude that radio

advertisingwill result in increased profits for businesses in general. We must also

assumethat what is true of the Cumquat will likewise be true of most otherbusinesses.

But thereare all kinds of important differences between cafes and other businesses that

couldaffect how radio audiences react to their advertising. We cannot safely assume

thatbecause a small restaurant has benefited from radio advertising, that any andall

localbusinesses will similarly benefit.

       In conclusion, it would be imprudent for a business to invest in radio advertising

solely onthe basis of the evidence presented. To strengthen the conclusion, it must be

establishedthat radio advertising was the principal cause of increased business at the

Cumquat.Once this is shown, it must be determined that the business in question is

sufficientlylike the Cumquat, and so can expect similar returns from investment in

radio adtime.

人间烟火Sue

【15】

Two yearsago Nova High School began to use interactive computer instruction in

threeacademic subjects. The school dropout rate declined immediately and last year's

graduateshave reported some impressive achievements in college. In future budgets the

schoolboard should use a greater portion of the available funds to buy morecomputers,

and theschools in the district should adopt interactive computer instructionthroughout

thecurriculum.

SampleEssay 1:

       The argument that the school board should buy more computers and adopt

interactivecomputer instruction is not entirely logically convincing, since it ignores

certain crucial assumptions.

       First,the argument assumes that the decline of school dropout and the

achievementsof last year's graduates' results from the adoption of interactive computer

instruction.However, there are several reasons why this might not be true. For example,

achievementscould have been made in other subjects than the ones with interactive

computerinstruction. Or last years' graduates might not have been given the interactive

computerinstruction. Or the decline of the rate of dropout could be attributed tostricter

discipline applied last year.

        Second, even supposing the Nova HighSchool's decline of the dropout and last

year'sgraduates' achievements benefit directly from the usage of interactive computer

instruction,the success of the instruction in one school may not ensure the success in

otherschools. If it does not suit other schools, the instruction will not work.

        Finally, even if the decline of the rateof dropout and the achievements of the last

year'sgraduates' are the direct results of the interactive computer instruction, westill do

not knowwhether the school can afford to apply the instruction on all the subjects orto

all thestudents. If the school does not have sufficient fund and has to cut budgets on

other projects such as the library, the quality of the school's education will also

compromise.         

       Thus, the argument is not completely sound. The evidence in support of the

conclusionthat the dropout rate declined and last year's graduates made impressive

achievementsdoes little to prove the conclusion-that other schools should use a greater

portionof their funds to apply the instruction-since it does not address theassumptions I

havealready raised. Ultimately, the argument might have been strengthened by making

it clearthat the decline of the dropout rate and the achievements of the graduates arethe

directresults of interactive computer instruction, that the instruction is alsoapplicable to

otherschools in the district, and that the instruction is affordable to all the schools in the

district.

人间烟火Sue

【16】

Sample Essay 2:

       The editorial recommends that the school board of Nova High spend a greater

portionof available funds on the purchase of additional computers and adoptinteractive

computerinstruction throughout the curriculum. Two reasons are offered in support of

thisrecommendation. First, the introduction of interactive computer instruction inthree

academicsubjects was immediately followed by a decline in the school dropout rate.

Second,last year's graduates experienced impressive achievements in college. This

argumentis unconvincing for two reasons.

       To begin with, this argument is a classic instance of "after this, thereforebecause

ofthis" reasoning. The mere fact that the introduction of interactivecomputer

instructionpreceded the impressive performance of recent graduates and the decline in

thedropout rate is insufficient to conclude that it was the cause of these events.Many

otherfactors could bring about these same results. For example, the school may have

implementedcounseling and training programs that better meet the needs of students

who mightotherwise leave school to take jobs. In addition, the school may have

introduced programs to better prepare students for college.

       Secondly,the author assumes that the impressive achievements of last year's

graduatesbear some relation to the introduction of interactive computer instruction at

NovaHigh. However, no evidence is offered to support this assumption. Lacking

evidencethat links the achievements of the recent graduates to the interactive

instruction,it is presumptuous to suggest that the computer instruction was in some way

responsiblefor the students' impressive performance.

       In conclusion, the recommendation that Nova High spend a greater portion of

availablefunds on the purchase of additional computers and adopt interactive computer

instructionthroughout the curriculum is ill-founded. To strengthen this recommendation

theauthor would have to demonstrate that the decline in the dropout rate and the

impressiveperformance of recent graduates came about as a result of the use of

computer-interactiveinstruction. All that has been shown so far is a correlation between

these events.

人间烟火Sue

【17】

        This political advertisement recommendsre-electing governor Adams because he

has aproven leadership role in improving the state's economy. In support of thisreason

theauthor cites these statistics: in the past year, most state workers' wages havegone up;

5,000 newjobs have been created; and six corporations have located in the state.

Anotherreason offered for re-electing Adams is a recent poll, which indicates thatmost

respondentsbelieve the state economy would continue to improve if he were re-elected.

Finally,the author claims that rival Zebulon would harm the state's economy because he

disagreeswith Adams' fiscal policies. This argument is fraught with vague,

oversimplified and unwarranted claims.

       To begin with, the statistics are intended to support the main claim that thestate is

economicallybetter off with Adams as governor. But these statistics are vague and

oversimplified,and thus may distort the state's overall economic picture. For example,

stateworkers' pay raises may have been minuscule and may not have kept up with cost

of livingor with pay for state workers in other states. Moreover, the 5,000 new jobs may

have beentoo few to bring state unemployment rates down significantly; at the same

time,many jobs may have been lost. Finally, the poll indicates that six newcorporations

located in the state, but fails to indicate if any left.

       Next,the poll cited by the author is described in the vaguest possible terms. The

ad doesnot indicate who conducted the poll, who responded, or how the poll was

conducted.Until these questions are answered, the survey results are worthless as

evidencefor public opinion about Adams or his economic policies.

       Finally,while we have only vague and possibly distorted evidence that the state is

betteroff with Adams, we have absolutely no evidence that it would be worse off with

Zebulon.Given that the state economy is good at the moment, none of the author's

reasonsestablishes that Adams is the cause of this. And neither do they establish that

the state wouldn't be even better off with someone else in office.

       In conclusion, this argument is weak. To strengthen the argument, the author must

provideadditional information about the adequacy of state workers' pay raises, the

effect ofthe 5,000 jobs on the state's employment picture, the overall growth of

corporationsin the state, and other features of the state economy. Also, the author must

supportthe claims that Adams' actions have caused any economic improvement and

that inthe future Adams will impart more economic benefit than would Zebulon.