【2016年9月22日】感觉这种解法还不错,特意放上来和大家分享,大家加油啊!!!
题目:
Meteoriteexplosions in the Earth’s atmosphere as large as the one that destroyed forestsin Siberia, with approximately the force of a twelve-megaton nuclear blast,occur about once a century. The response of highly automated systems controlledby complex computer programs to unexpected circumstances is unpredictable.
Which of the following conclusions canmost properly be drawn, if the statements above are true, about a highlyautomated nuclear-missile defense system controlled by a complex computerprogram?
A.Within a century after its construction, the system would react inappropriateand might accidentally start a nuclear war. B.The system would be destroyed if an explosion of a large meteorite occurred inthe Earth’s atmosphere. C. Itwould be impossible for the system to distinguish the explosion of a largemeteorite from the explosion of a nuclear weapon. D.Whether the system would respond inappropriately to the explosion of a largemeteorite would depend on the location of the blast. E. Itis not certain what the system’s response to the explosion of a large meteoritewould be, if its designers did not plan for such a contingency. 解题思路: 1、阅读题干,根据标志词conclusions很快的确定本题为结论题即归纳题。 但这个题题干很复杂,因为它表明了一个推理“对象”,highly automatednuclear-missile defense system controlled by a complex computer program。 你会发现这个对象长得离谱,当然上方我已经把修饰词全部删去了(可见GMAT语法里我们反复强调的删除修饰语,对于你在阅读中排除干扰也是很有用的。)我们发现,这个对象叫,对象叫做nuclear-missile defense system,但其实可以更简化,你的对象就是“d system”。 2、当你有了“对象”之后,你会发现这和没有对象的单身狗差距是很大的。因为你的重点关注点只用关注“对象”。 然后,果不其然,又验证了我们一直所说的,凡是归纳题,最重要的信息往往出现在“最后一句”,就是这个有明确对象的题目也不例外,它考察的重要信息就在最后一句: Theresponse of systemsto unexpected circumstances is unpredictable. 你会发现,这里的system(你并不用纠结是怎样的system)是一个非常关键的公共信息,因此,我们想到了“信息融合”,然后我们就能得出一个理所当然的结论: Theresponse of nuclear-missiledefense system to unexpected circumstances is unpredictable. 如果你的灵感够强,你能预感到,上面这句话极可能就是我们要的正确答案。 3、这时,我们来关注一个相关性很弱的问题:很多同学看到这道题时,会非常的纠结第一句话,因为它很复杂很长。 Meteorite explosions in the Earth’s atmosphereas large as the one that destroyed forests in Siberia, with approximately theforce of a twelve-megaton nuclear blast, occur about once a century. 这句话讲述了一个背景信息:Meteorite explosionsoccur about once a century. (Meteoriteexplosions大概一个世纪发生一次)。 而这个背景信息和题干也就是题目问题中的对象nuclear-missile defense system到底有没有相关性? 我们从Meteorite explosions的修饰语看到一个相关点:with approximately the force of a twelve-megaton nuclear blast(相当于一个nuclear blast的威力;这里背景信息相当于告诉我们Meteoriteexplosions等同于一个nuclear blast) 可是分析的如此细致之后,你会发现所有的修饰语都然并卵,你需要的有效信息只有句子的主干部分。 4、接下来,我们回归正题了,我们由上述结论得出了一套逻辑,尽管这个逻辑链没有我们讲的第一题那样的复杂,但是它也是一个小逻辑链。然后我们通过这个逻辑链作选项的比对。 逻辑链: nuclear-missiledefense system ➡system ➡ system to unexpectedcircumstances is unpredictable. A.Within a century after its construction, the system would react inappropriate and mightaccidentally start anuclear war. 逻辑:system ➡ inappropriate ➡ start a nuclear war 分析:start a nuclear war这属于无中生有信息,这里并没有在讨论核战。 Inappropriate不等于unpredictable,前者是不合适的,而后者是不可预测的。这里属于原则一错误,出现了新信息,本选项错误。 B.The system would be destroyed if an explosion of a large meteorite occurred in the Earth’s atmosphere. 逻辑:system ➡ destroyed ➡ explosion 分析:destroyed不等于unpredictable,前者是被毁灭,而后者是不可预测的。这里相当于更宽泛的概念,无中生有,所以错误。 C. Itwould be impossible for the system to distinguish the explosion of a large meteoritefrom the explosion of a nuclear weapon. 逻辑:system ➡ distinguish explosion 分析:distinguish完全无关信息,原文所讨论的是nuclear-missiledefense system对于nuclear missile或者其同类物体的response“反应”,而不是去“识别”。本选项错误。 D.Whether the system would respond inappropriately to the explosion of a large meteorite woulddepend on the location of the blast. 逻辑:system ➡ respond inappropriately 分析:inappropriate不等于原文提到的unpredictable,前者是不合适的,而后者是不可预测的。另外the location是原文没有提到的信息,属于无中生有错误。 E. Itis not certain what the system’s response to the explosion of a large meteoritewould be, if its designers did not plan for such a contingency. 逻辑:system ➡ not certain 分析:从逻辑上并没有错误,not certain正好是unpredictable的同义转换。所以这个选项在逻辑上是一个正确的选项。 如果我们进一步深挖这个选项的细节,你会发现,在前面,我们得出了两个信息句: (1)Meteorite explosions occur about once a century. ( 2 ) The response of nuclear-missiledefense system to unexpected circumstances is unpredictable. 你会发现,这里的 unexpected circumstances就是指代着meteorite explosions,所以,我们在这里做一个“信息融合”,你将得到: Theresponse of nuclear-missile defense system to Meteorite explosions isunpredictable。 这正好就是E选项要表达的意思。
|