OG17 两道cr新题 求大神解答

charling0517

629.The introduction of new drugs into the market is frequently prevented by ashortage of human subjects for the clinical trials needed to show that thedrugs are safe and effective, Since the lives and health of people in futuregenerations may depend on treatments that are currently experimental,practicing physicians are morally in the wrong when, in the absence of anytreatment proven to be effective, they fail to encourage suitable patients tovolunteer for clinical trials.

Whichof the following, if true, casts most doubt on the conclusion of the argument?

(A)   Many drugs undergoing clinical trials areintended for the treatment of conditions for which there is currently noeffective treatment.

(B)   Patients do not share the physician'sprofessional concern for public health, but everyone has a moral obligation toalleviate suffering when able to do so.

(C)   Usually, half the patients in a clinicaltrial serve as a control group and receive a non-active drug in place of thedrug being tested.

(D)   An experimental drug cannot legally be madeavailable to patients unless those patients are subjects in clinical trials ofthe drug.

(E)   Physicians have an overriding moral andlegal duty to care for the health and safety of their current patients.

答案E

OG的解释：

                                                                                                Reasoning: What would cast doubt on thejudgm ent that doctors are morally obligated, to encourage theirpatients
                                        to volunteerfor clinicaltrials?Note that the argument’s conclusion, unlike its premises, is a moraljudgment. This judgment could be cast into doubt by a moral principle that would be likely toconflict with it under the conditions described. For example, aprinciple suggesting that it issometimes morally unacceptable for doctors to encourage their patients to volunteer for clinicaltrials would also suggest that they are not morally obligated to encourage their patients tovolunteer for clinical triaJs, sincc anything morally obligatory must also be morally acccptable.
A  If anything, this highlights how important it is to ensure that these drugs undergo clinical trials to benefitfuture generations,so it supports rather than casts doubt on the arguments conclusion.
B  This suggests that patients are morally obligated to volunteer for clinical trials to help prevent sufferingin future generations. I f anything, this supports the claim that doctors are morally obligated to cncouragctheir patients to volunteer.
C  The clinical trial w ill probably not harm any patients in the control group, yet their participation willbenefit future generations. So, if anything, this supports the claim that doctors should encourage theirpatients to volunteer.
D  This legal barrier makes it even more essential for the drugs to undergo clinical trials in order to benefitpatients, so it supports rather than casts doubt on the arguments conclusion.
E  Correct. Since the experimental drugs’ safety is being tested during the trials, the drugs may prove unsafefor subjects in the trials. I f doctors have an overriding moral duty to keep their current patients safe, then itmay be morally unacceptable for them to encourage those patients to volunteer for the trials.


               

看了这道题og上的解释好像自己完全理解错题的意思了。。。不太理解“practicing physicians are morally in the wrong when, in the absence of any treatment proven to be effective, they fail to encourage suitable patients to volunteer for clinical trials."这句话的意思。。。

661.In the country of Marut, the Foreign Trade Agency'srecords were reviewed in 1994 in light of information then newly availableabout neighboring Goro. The review revealed that in everyyear since 1963, the agency's projection of what Goro’s gross national product (GNP) wouldbe five years later was a serious underestimate. The review also revealed thatin every year since 1963, the agency estimated Goro’s GNP for the previous year—a Gorostate secret—very accurately.

Ofthe following claims, which is most strongly supported by the statements given?

(A)  Goro's GNP fluctuated greatly between1963 and 1994.

(B)   Prior to 1995, Gorohad not released data intended to mislead the agency in making its five-yearprojections.

(C)   The amount by which the agencyunderestimated the GNP it projected for Goro tended to increase overtime.

(D)   Even before the new information came tolight, the agency had reason to think that at least some of the five-yearprojections it had made were inaccurate.

(E)   The agency’s five-year projections of Goro’s GNP had no impact on economicplanning in Marut.

答案：D

这道题我选对了但是用的排除法，不知道D是怎么推出来的。。。

希望大神帮忙看看这两道题！感激不尽！

sunh0003

629. practicing physicians are morally in the wrong when, in the absence of any treatment proven to be effective, they fail to encourage suitable patients to volunteer for clinical trials
in the absence of any treatment proven to be effective=in the presence of any treatment proven to be ineffective (这样比较好理解）
在这种情况下（durg还没有被证明是effective), physician没有鼓励病人去自愿做药性试验是morally错误的。
所以weaken就是医生最关心的就是现在病人的安全和健康。如果医生没有鼓励病人去试验是错误的--》说明医生不关心病人的健康和安全。
另外一体我想想。
请您有2017Cr 电子版本可以发给我以下么？想看以下新题。  sunh0003(在) gmail.com

sunh0003

661.In the country of Marut, the Foreign Trade Agency'srecords were reviewed in 1994 in light of information then newly availableabout neighboring Goro. The review revealed that in everyyear since 1963, the agency's projection of what Goro’s gross national product (GNP) wouldbe five years later was a serious underestimate. The review also revealed thatin every year since 1963, the agency estimated Goro’s GNP for the previous year—a Gorostate secret—very accurately.

Ofthe following claims, which is most strongly supported by the statements given?
(D)   Even before the new information came tolight, the agency had reason to think that at least some of the five-yearprojections it had made were inaccurat
我觉得是在这样的。前提and conclusion: 是在infrmation出来后发现5年的proection is inaccurate, but previous year estimate is accurate.
问增强。如果说在information出来之前就觉得这个5年project的估计是完全正确的。那就削弱了自己的结论。
我觉得是一个weak strengthen.就是说自己的估计和最后出来的结论是相符合的。增强了这个结论的正确性。欢迎讨论！

ppdnw

sunh0003 发表于 2016-7-17 02:35
661.In the country of Marut, the Foreign Trade Agency'srecords were reviewed in 1994 in light of inf ...

关于这个题目，还想请教一下：1.这个题目的类型，是加强还是must be true？2. 选项D推导的逻辑思维过程（因为手上没有OG17，看不到官方解答）先谢过！！

vianvee

661明显是问conclusion啊，我就是死在这题的审题上啊！！看清楚问题which is most strongly supported by the statements given?看清楚，问的是statments given好吗？要推结论哟！！
知道推结论之后你再看一遍题会对它非常无语.....侮辱智商的感觉。题目说Goro从1963年到1994年之间，五年之后的GNP总是严重低估，但核算前一年的总是对的。
注意题目里说的是1963年到1994年，那这样就是一个很弱智的推理啊，这么多个五年，叠加一下总会发现自己错的吧。D说的就是这个......

629的话题目里的结论是：医生“错误的”道德感伤害了病人的利益，如果我们要削弱它，就要证明医生其实是出于好意想要维护病人利益的，E就是在说医生有凌驾一切的道德感想要去保护病人，就酱。

jianghxsir

661的逻辑简化下来就是预估（未来5年的结果）和复盘（之前一年的结果），然后说复盘比预估要精准很多，那么在第六年的时候通过复盘对比5年前的预估，就知道了自己当年预估的有问题。

Jez

jianghxsir 发表于 2017-2-19 23:30
661的逻辑简化下来就是预估（未来5年的结果）和复盘（之前一年的结果），然后说复盘比预估要精准很多，那么 ...

so where is "even before the new information came to light"?

jianghxsir

Jez 发表于 2017-3-17 14:11
so where is "even before the new information came to light"?

不知道你的问题是什么，这句话放在这的意义就是说‘即使没有其他新的信息，也可以推断出之前的预估数据有问题’啊。

sasori007

第一题：
第二题：

kennichan2011

东哥威武