kui-cr-8/10-1

likui

Researchers took a group of teenagers who had never smoked and for one year tracked whether they took up smoking and how their mental health changed. Those who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were four times as likely to be depressed at the study’s end than those who did not begin smoking. Since nicotine in cigarettes changes brain chemistry, perhaps thereby affecting mood, it is likely that smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

Participants who were depressed at the study’s start were no more likely to be smokers at the study’s end than those who were not depressed.

Participants who began smoking within a month of the study’s start were no more likely than those who began midway through to have quit smoking by the study’s end.

Few, if any, of the participants in the study were friends or relatives of other participants.

Some participants entered and emerged from a period of depression within the year of the study.

The researchers did not track use of alcohol by the teenagers.

参考答案选A，我很不解。A是weanken了原argument，那么取反是否support原argument呢？

Argument想表达的就是：吸烟导致青少年神情压抑。

A取反是：那些已开始便神情压抑的参与者要比一开始不神情压抑的参与者在最后更容易成为吸烟者。

这是在说depressed作用于smoke，而不是smoke会作用于depressed，并没有支持argument呀？

howardwang

答案应该是A。

A排除了压抑促使参与的志愿者更可能去抽烟。从而支持是抽烟导致压抑，而不是压抑导致人更多的吸烟。

likui

明白了，谢谢howardwang

v22

从而支持是抽烟导致压抑，而不是压抑导致人更多的吸烟。

A。Participants who were depressed at the study’s start were no more likely to be smokers at the study’s end than those who were not depressed。A如何体现兄弟以上这句话》在研究开始的时候，那么参与者已经是depress了，他们比那么不depress的人更少可能会在研究结束后成为吸烟者。不明白的是，A已经说了，相对来说，他们（depress的人）最后不怎么可能成为吸烟者，如果这样的话，怎么说明之前他们是抽烟导致压抑？

howardwang

如果楼上的老弟还无法理解那就将选项A取非。即:在调查研究开始时就患有精神压抑的志愿者，更有可能去吸烟，那么，结论smoking contributes to depression in teenagers.吸烟导致精神压抑是不是会受到削弱呢？

或者说，在调查结束时，发现吸烟的人精神压抑多，那可能是因为，调查开始前精神压抑的就多，而精神压抑会导致吸烟，所以，调查结束时，吸烟的人中精神压抑多，是因为调查之前这些人就是精神压抑。而不是吸烟导致的精神压抑。