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For many years, theoretical economists
characterized humans as rational beings relentlessly bent on maximizing purely
selfish reward. Results of an experimental economics study appear to contradict
this view, however.  In the “Ultimatum Game,”
two subjects, who cannot exchange information, are placed in separate
rooms.  One is randomly chosen to propose
how a sum of money, known to both, should be shared between them; only one
offer, which must be accepted or rejected without negotiation, is allowed.

   

      If, in fact, people are selfish and
rational, then the proposer should offer the smallest possible share, while the
responder should accept any offer, no matter how small:  after all, even one dollar is better than nothing.  In numerous trials, however, two-thirds of
the offers made were between 40 and 50 percent; only 4 percent were less than
20 percent.  Among responders, more than
half who were offered less than 20 percent rejected the offer.  Behavior in the game did not appreciably depend
on the players’ sex, age, or education.
Nor did the amount of money involved play a significant role:  for instance, in trials of the game that were
conducted in Indonesia, the sum to be shared was as much as three times the
subjects’ average monthly income, and still responders refused offers that they
deemed too small.

[size=1em]The passage implies that the results of the Ultimatum Game undermine theoretical economists’ characterization of human beings by

A. demonstrating that most people are inclined to try tomaximize their own advantage whenever possible

[size=1em]B. indicating that people who do not have the option of negotiating might behave more generously than do those who have the option of negotiating

[size=1em]C. illustrating how people’s economic behavior depends to some extent on how large a sum of money is involved  

[size=1em]D. showing that most people instinctively place their own economic self-interest ahead of the interest of strangers

[size=1em]E. suggesting that people’s economic behavior might in part be motivated by factors other than selfishness

[size=1em]完全不理解为什么选E，问的是U.G实验削弱了T.E理论的result说明了什么，T.E理论说人们是完全自私的所以给别人钱越少越好另一方只要有钱就收，所以不应该是选A吗？？

海贝520

格式太乱了。。。重贴一遍方便看
For many years, theoretical economists characterized humans as rational beings relentlessly benton maximizing purely selfish reward. Results of an experimental economics study appear to contradict this view, however. In the "Ultimatum Game," two subjects, who cannot exchange information, are placed in separate rooms. One is randomly chosen to propose how a sum of money, known to both, should be shared between them; only one offer, which must be accepted or rejected without negotiation, is allowed.

If, in fact, people are selfish and rational, then the proposer should offer the smallest possible share, while the responder should accept any offer, no matter how small: after all, even one dollar is better than nothing. In numerous trials, however, two-thirds of the offers made were between 40 and 50 percent; only 4 percent were less than 20 percent. Among responders, more than half who were offered less than 20 percent rejected the offer. Behavior in the game did not appreciably depend on the players' sex, age, or education. Nor did the amount of money involved play a significant role: for instance, in trials of the game that were conducted in Indonesia, the sum to be shared was as much as three times the subjects' average monthly income, and still responders refused offers that they deemed too small.

7、The passage implies that the results of the Ultimatum Game undermine theoretical economists' characterization of human beings by
Ademonstrating that most people are inclined to try to maximize their own advantage whenever possible
Bindicating that people who do not have the option of negotiating might behave more generously than do those who have the option of negotiating
Cillustrating how people's economic behavior depends to some extent on how large a sum of money is involved
Dshowing that most people instinctively place their own economic self-interest ahead of the interest of strangers
Esuggesting that people's economic behavior might in part be motivated by factors other than selfishness

答案E，我觉得是A