请教prep12上的一道逻辑题

陈陈陈巴黎

                                                                                                                                                [size=9.000000pt]When a city experiences a sharp decline in population, the city's tax revenues, which pay for such city services aspolice protection and maintenance of water lines, also decrease. The area to be policed and the number and lengthof the water lines to be maintained, however, do not decrease. Attempting to make up the tax revenue lost byraising tax rates is not feasible, since higher tax rates would cause even more residents to leave.
                                        [size=9.000000pt]The information given most strongly supports which of the following general claims?
                                       

                                               
•                                                         If, in a city with sharply declining population, police protection and water line maintenance do not deteriorate,some other service previously provided by the city will deteriorate or be eliminated.
  
                                                 
•                                                         If a city's tax rates are held stable over a period of time, neither the population nor the levels of city servicesprovided will tend to decline over that period.
  
                                                 
•                                                         If a city's population declines sharply, police protection and water line maintenance are the services thatdeteriorate most immediately and most markedly.
  
                                                 
•                                                         A city that suffers revenue losses because of a sharp decline in population can make up some of the lost taxrevenue by raising tax rates, provided the city's tax rates are low in relation to those of other cities.
  
                                                 
•                                                         A city that is losing residents because tax rates are perceived as too high by those residents can reverse thispopulation trend by bringing its tax rates down to a more moderate level.
  
                                         

                                        [size=10.000000pt]Reasoning
                                        [size=9.000000pt]What conclusion does the information suggest about cities in general? The information suggests that in cities, apopulation decline tends to reduce overall revenues that fund city services without reducing the need for two specificservices: police protection and water fines. It also says that raising tax rates causes further population declines anddoes not raise revenues. But we are not told how overall revenues are distributed among city services, nor how thedistribution might change. Even if overall funds decline, revenues for some specific city services could remain thesame, while revenues for other services are severely cut.
                                       

                                               
•                                                         Correct. If police protection and water fines have not deteriorated as population has declined, then probablythe funding for them has been preserved. Therefore, funding for some other services must be severely cut, since(as the argument states) making up tax revenue lost due to population decreases is not feasible.
  
                                                 
•                                                         Although increased tax rates cause population declines, a city's population and total tax revenue may for otherreasons even if tax rates are stable.
  
                                                 
•                                                         No specific information is given about how other city services would be affected by population declines.Therefore, we have no basis on which to compare any resulting deterioration to that of police protection andwater fines.
  
                                                 
•                                                         We are told that raising tax rates in a city with declining revenues does not increase revenues, and none of theinformation given suggests any exceptions to this principle.
  
                                                 
•                                                         Reducing high tax rates to moderate levels may not attract many new residents, since other cities may havemoderate tax rates as well; furthermore, those other cities may have better city services or other more attractivefeatures.
  
                                         

                                        [size=9.000000pt]The correct answer is A.
[size=9.000000pt]为什么第四个选项不对呢？选项已经假设了它税率本来比较低，即使提高税率以后还是会比其他地方低，居民就不会搬走了嘛，
                               
                       
               

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