prep08破解版错题整理01

IGiseAlex

PREP 08破解版----verbal 01错题整理

file:///C:\Users\cc\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps8266.tmp.pngQ1.        p2-sc        1.        (24163-!-item-!-188;#058&001054)

Since the start of the space age, more and more littering has occurred in orbits near Earth, often because the intentional discarding of lens caps, packing material, fuel tanks, and payload covers.

(A) more and more littering has occurred in orbits near Earth, often because

(B) orbits near Earth have become more and more littered, often from

(C) orbits near Earth became littered more and more, often resulting from

(D) there have been more and more littering of orbits near Earth, often because of

(E) there had been littering more and more of orbits near Earth, often with

考点：时态、句子结构、简洁有效

解析：

1) 动词形式-现在完成时，since是使用现在完成时态的标志。 　　2) 句子结构，连词后面必须跟有主谓结构的完整句子，because是连词，后跟完整句子，because of是介词，后面可以直接加名词。 　　3) 简洁有效，在GMAT中，there be句型极少，因为这种表示存在状态的句型往往不能准确地表达出动作的施受对象。

A.because是连词，连词后面必须跟主谓结构的句子。

B.Since标志时态：现在完成时

   句子结构：Since…, orbits… have become…, often from… 　　主语是orbits，系动词   是完成时态have become，表语是littered，from…介词短语作方式状语。

C.时态错

D.there have been表达方式不恰当;名词形式littering of orbits不及动词形式更有效。时态错；there be句型

E.there have been littering错误；介词with改变原文含义

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In the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for about four cents an acre, which more than doubled the country's size and that brought its western border within reach of the Pacific Ocean.

(A) In the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for about four cents an acre, which more than doubled the country's size and that brought

(B) For about four cents an acre the United States acquired, in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, 828,000 square miles, more than doubling the country's size and it brought

(C) With the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the United States acquired 828,000 square miles for about four cents an acre, more than doubling its size and bringing

(D) The United States, in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, for about four cents an acre, acquired 828,000 square miles, more than doubling the country's size, bringing

(E) Acquiring 828,000 square miles in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, the United States bought it for about four cents an acre, more than doubling the country's size and bringing

考点：指代一致、逻辑表达、并列

解析：

A. which没有指代对象， that破坏并列结构
B.并列错，it没有合理的指代对象。
C.   正确，with…做方式状语，在此处的意思是because of sth and as it happens, as a result of。
D. bringing和doubling并列作伴随状语修饰主句，应该用and连接，否则bringing…的修饰对象有歧义。
E.it没有指代对象；acquire与bought同时用，表达不简洁，错误使用",+ing"修饰语

file:///C:\Users\cc\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps82A7.tmp.pngQ3.        p2-cr        1.        (24021-!-item-!-188;#058&000691)

On Pacific islands, a newly arrived gecko species, the house gecko, is displacing the previously established mourning gecko in urban areas, but populations of the two species are more stable in rural areas far from human settlement.  The house gecko does not attack the mourning gecko, but in areas where insects congregate it prevents the mourning gecko from feeding on them.

Which of the following contributes most to an explanation of the difference between gecko populations in urban and rural areas?

(A) In urban areas, geckos are valued because they eat so many insects.

(B) Geckos defend territories against other members of the same species.

(C) House geckos that arrive on islands are carried there in boats and planes.

file:///C:\Users\cc\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps82C7.tmp.png(D) In places where there are lighted buildings, insects tend to gather around the light.

(E) Mourning geckos are all females and reproduce asexually, but house geckos reproduce sexually.

file:///C:\Users\cc\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps82D8.tmp.png解析：农村hg和mg数量稳定，城市hg代替mg

      

file:///C:\Users\cc\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps82D9.tmp.png      hg阻止mg吃聚集在一起的虫子

      

      在有灯光的地方（城市），虫子都围着灯

Q4.        p2-sc        3.        (24543-!-item-!-188;#058&001465)

Defying efforts by policymakers on both sides of the Atlantic at restraining it, the United States dollar, continuing its rise, reaching its highest level in six years against the German mark.

(A) at restraining it, the United States dollar, continuing its rise, reaching

(B) at restraining it, the rise of the United States dollar continued, to reach

(C) at restraining it, the United States dollar continued rising, and it reached

(D) to restrain it, the United States dollar continued its rise, reaching

(E) to restrain it, the United States dollar is continuing its rise, and to reach

句子结构：Defying…, the United States dollar continued…, reaching…

现在分词结构defying…在句首修饰主语主语the United States，句尾的现在分词结构reaching…作伴随状语。

1) 动词形式-现在进行时，有些动词(表示状态或感觉的词，或者表示极短暂的动作)一般不用现在进行时，比如：declare, recognize等，continue是表示状态的动词，不用现在进行时态。

2) 平行对称，出现连词and要注意句子的并列对象是否合理并且符合原句意思。

3) 逻辑表达，分词结构在句首作状语，修饰主句主语。

4) 习惯用语，efforts to do sth

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Which of the following most logically completes the argument?

A new machine for harvesting corn will allow rows to be planted only fifteen inches apart, instead of the usual thirty inches.  Corn planted this closely will produce lower yields per plant.  Nevertheless, the new machine will allow corn growers to double their profits per acre because __________.

file:///C:\Users\cc\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps82EA.tmp.png(A) with the closer spacing of the rows, the growing corn plants will quickly form a dense canopy of leaves, which will, by shading the ground, minimize the need for costly weed control and irrigation

(B) with the closer spacing of the rows, corn plants will be forced to grow taller because of increased competition for sunlight from neighboring corn plants

(C) with the larger number of plants growing per acre, more fertilizer will be required

(D) with the spacing between rows cut by half, the number of plants grown per acre will almost double 【1，每株产量下降，即使总株数翻倍，利润达不到两倍；2.该信息不是补充信息，而是原文信息的延伸，一般不可选。】

(E) with the closer spacing of the rows, the acreage on which corn is planted will be utilized much more intensively than it was before, requiring more frequent fallow years in which corn fields are left unplanted

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From studies of the bony house of the brain, which is the cranium, located in the back of the skull, come what scientists know about dinosaur brains.

(A) From studies of the bony house of the brain, which is the cranium, located in the back of the skull, come what scientists know about dinosaur brains.【which指代错；what引导的从句come应用单数；located in修饰谁并不清楚】

(B) The knowledge that scientists know about dinosaur brains comes from studies of the bony house of the brain, located in the back of the skull, that is, the cranium.

(C) The knowledge of dinosaur brains that scientists have come from studies of the bony house of the brain, which is located in the back of the skull and is called the cranium.

(D) What scientists know about dinosaur brains comes from studies of the cranium, the bony house of the brain located in the back of the skull.

(E) Located in the back of the skull is the cranium, the bony house of the brain, and it is from studies of this that scientists know what they know about dinosaur brains.

解析：

考点：逻辑表达、主谓一致

1) 逻辑表达-过去分词结构，过去分词结构如果作定语，一定要尽可能紧临其修饰词，用逗号隔离之后修饰对象可能是邻近的名词，可能是主语，也可能修饰后面的词，也可以做状语。　

2) 主谓一致，what引导的名词从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

Q19.        p2-sc         7.        (24727-!-item-!-188;#058&001574)

So-called green taxes, which exact a price for the use of polluting or nonrenewable fuels, are having a positive effect on the environment and natural resource base of countries as varied as China, the Netherlands, and Hungary.

(A) as varied as

(B) as varied as are

(C) as varied as those of

(D) that are as varied as

(E) that are varied as are

考点：习惯用语

1) 习惯用语-A as varied as B，A和B要平行，B用来解释、举例A。

(A) 正确，varied是过去分词作后置定语修饰countries。

(B) are多余，会有和taxes比较的歧义。

(C) those指代不清楚。

(D) that are多余

(E) 结构混乱。

Q20        p2-sc         8.        (24773-!-item-!-188;#058&001691)

Ozone, a special form of oxygen that screens out harmful ultraviolet rays, reaches high concentrations twelve miles above Earth, where it has long appeared that it was immune from human influence; we have now realized, though, that emissions of industrial chlorofluorocarbons deplete the ozone layer.

(A) has long appeared that it was immune from

(B) has long appeared to have been immune from【have been immune现在完成时多余】

(C) has long appeared as being immune to

(D) had long appeared immune to

(E) had long appeared that it was immune to

考点：动词形式、指代一致

解析：

1) 动词形式-过去完成时，很多情况下，过去时间由上下文表示出来，不需要表示过去时间的状语。

2) 指代一致，形式主语it指代了句子的真正主语(真正的主语在句子后部)，因为有所指，所以句子中如果再出现其它有所指的it，就使it指代不一致，是错误的用法。

(A) it has long appeard that中it是形式主语，后面的it是指Ozone，两个it指代对象不一致。

(B) appeared to have been immume中的现在完成时多余，因为前面has appeared已经表达了完成时态。

(C) appear as being用法错误。

(D) 正确，appear用作系动词，immune是adj.，简洁明了。分号后面是have now realized，强调now，用了现在完成时，分号前面的long强调与现在的对比，用过去的时态较合理。

(E) 两个it指代不一致。

补充说明：

immune to: not affected by sth不受影响；immune from：免除

You will eventually become immune to criticism. 你终究会变得不在乎批评。

immune from: protected from sth and therefore able to avoid it受保护;豁免。=exempt

Not even the President’s wife was immune from criticism by the press. 甚至总统夫人都未能免遭新闻界批评。

appear的用法

1、作系动词, =seem, +adj. 作表语。

2、作动词, appear to inf动词不定式, appear that从句, it appears that…

对于还在纠结时态选择的同学们，我们可以把这句完全翻译成中文： 臭氧最为一种可以筛除有害紫外辐射的特殊氧分子， 在高空12英里处达到高浓度， 在那里被长期认为是不受人类影响的。但是现在我们认为工业排出的氯氟化碳在消耗臭氧层。

也就是说，认为臭氧层不受人类影响，已经是过去的事了，不持续到现在， 那么久应该用‘had’ 而不是‘have’。

Q21.        p2-cr         6.        (24353-!-item-!-188;#058&001207)

Which of the following most logically completes the passage?

Garnet and RenCo each provide health care for their employees.  Garnet pays for both testing of its employees' cholesterol levels and treatment of high cholesterol.  This policy saves Garnet money, since high cholesterol left untreated for many years leads to conditions that require very expensive treatment.  However, RenCo does not have the same financial incentive to adopt such a policy, because __________.

(A) early treatment of high cholesterol does not entirely eliminate the possibility of a stroke later in life【不能完全消除，但还是可以消除大部分】

(B) the mass media regularly feature stories encouraging people to maintain diets that are low in cholesterol

(C) RenCo has significantly more employees than Garnet has

(D) RenCo's employees are unlikely to have higher cholesterol levels than Garnet's employees【R不比G高，有是可能一样高】

(E) the average length of time an employee stays with RenCo is less than it is with Garnet【跟原文关联度最高】

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The Environmental Protection Agency frequently puts mandatory controls on toxic substances that present as little risk as one in a million chances to cause cancer.

(A) as little risk as one in a million chances to cause

(B) as little risk as one chance in a million of causing

(C) as little risk as one chance in a million that it will cause

(D) a risk as little as one chance in a million for causing

(E) a risk as little as one chance in a million for it to cause

习惯用语-risk of doing sth, risk of sth(risk分别为名词), risk doing(risk为动词)。

(A) one指代risk，risk in a million chances表达错误;risk of doing是习惯用语。

(B) 正确，one chance in a million用以修饰little，risk of causing cancer是正确的表达方式。

(C) that it重复，前面已经有that present，it指代不清楚，无法指代复数名词toxic substances。

(D) risk后面应该跟of doing，而不是for doing。

(E) it指代不清楚;risk后面应该跟of doing，而不是to do

Q24.        p2-cr         8.        (24449-!-item-!-188;#058&001338)

Which of the following most logically completes the argument?

Utrania was formerly a major petroleum exporter, but in recent decades economic stagnation and restrictive regulations inhibited investment in new oil fields.  In consequence, Utranian oil exports dropped steadily as old fields became depleted.  Utrania's currently improving economic situation, together with less-restrictive regulations, will undoubtedly result in the rapid development of new fields.  However, it would be premature to conclude that the rapid development of new fields will result in higher oil exports, because __________.

(A) the price of oil is expected to remain relatively stable over the next several years

(B) the improvement in the economic situation in Utrania is expected to result in a dramatic increase in the proportion of Utranians who own automobiles

(C) most of the investment in new oil fields in Utrania is expected to come from foreign sources

(D) new technology is available to recover oil from old oil fields formerly regarded as depleted

(E) many of the new oil fields in Utrania are likely to be as productive as those that were developed during the period when Utrania was a major oil exporter

file:///C:\Users\cc\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps831C.tmp.pngfile:///C:\Users\cc\AppData\Local\Temp\ksohtml\wps831D.tmp.png旧产业淘汰，新产业被研发       supply增加，但出口量没变

　                             国内demand群体的增加

Q40        p2-sc         15.        (25243-!-item-!-188;#058&002297)

In the mid-1920s the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company was the scene of an intensive series of experiments that would investigate changes in working conditions as to their effects on workers' performance.

(A) that would investigate changes in working conditions as to their effects on workers' performance【their指代不清】

(B) investigating the effects that changes in working conditions would have on workers' performance

(C) for investigating what the effects on workers' performance are that changes in working conditions would cause

(D) that investigated changes in working conditions' effects on workers' performance【偷换概念，改变了原有逻辑重心，investigate修饰effect】

(E) to investigate what the effects changes in working conditions would have on workers' performance

考点：逻辑表达，分词作后置定语修饰名词是最简洁有效的表达方式，不定式作定语容易产生修饰歧义，因为不定式通常用来作状语表示目的，其逻辑主语可能是句子主语;遇到较复杂的修饰成分，要首先从逻辑意思出发，区分出主从句各自的主谓宾结构。

句子结构：… the Hawthorne Works of… was the scene of … experiments investigating the effects that…

　　现在分词结构investigating作后置定语修饰名词experiments，effects是investigate的宾语，由that引导的定语从句修饰

Q41        p2-sc         16.        (25289-!-item-!-188;#058&002314)

The single-family house constructed by the Yana, a Native American people who lived in what is now northern California, was conical in shape, its framework of poles overlaid with slabs of bark, either cedar or pine, and banked with dirt to a height of three to four feet.

(A) banked with dirt to a height of

(B) banked with dirt as high as that of【that没有指代对象】

(C) banked them with dirt to a height of

(D) was banked with dirt as high as

(E) was banked with dirt as high as that of